Role of Arabidopsis monomeric E3 ubiquitin ligases in the ABA signaling pathway
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Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key phytohormone that regulates multiplebiological processes in plants, including seed germination,seedling growth, and abiotic stress response. ABA enhancesdrought tolerance by promoting stomatal closure, therebyimproving crop productivity under unfavorable stress conditions. Extensive research efforts have focused on understanding ABAsignaling more clearly for its potential application in agriculture. The accumulation and stability of signaling componentsinvolved in the efficient transduction of downstream ABAsignaling are affected by both transcriptional regulation andpost-translational modifications. Ubiquitination is a representativepost-translational modification that regulates protein stability,and E3 ubiquitin ligase is a key enzyme that determines targetsubstrates for ubiquitination. To date, many E3 ligases functioningas a monomeric form such as RING-, HECT- and Ubox-types have been known to participate in the ABA signalingprocess. In this review, we summarize the current understandingof ABA-related monomeric E3 ligases, their regulation, andmode of action in Arabidopsis, which will help develop a detailedand integrated understanding of the ABA signalingprocess in Arabidopsis.
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key phytohormone that regulates multiplebiological processes in plants, including seed germination,seedling growth, and abiotic stress response. ABA enhancesdrought tolerance by promoting stomatal closure, therebyimproving crop productivity under unfavorable stress conditions. Extensive research efforts have focused on understanding ABAsignaling more clearly for its potential application in agriculture. The accumulation and stability of signaling componentsinvolved in the efficient transduction of downstream ABAsignaling are affected by both transcriptional regulation andpost-translational modifications. Ubiquitination is a representativepost-translational modification that regulates protein stability,and E3 ubiquitin ligase is a key enzyme that determines targetsubstrates for ubiquitination. To date, many E3 ligases functioningas a monomeric form such as RING-, HECT- and Ubox-types have been known to participate in the ABA signalingprocess. In this review, we summarize the current understandingof ABA-related monomeric E3 ligases, their regulation, andmode of action in Arabidopsis, which will help develop a detailedand integrated understanding of the ABA signalingprocess in Arabidopsis.