Evaluation of the effects of photobiomodulation treatment on the neuronal development of olfactory stem cells
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Background and Objectives: The goal of this study was to assess the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on the neuronal differentiation of olfactory stem cells (OSCs).Materials and Methods: The OSCs were irradiated with different wavelengths (740 nm and 850 nm) and different energy densities (5 J/cm2 and 10 J/cm2). Immunofluorescence staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis were utilized to evaluate the effects of PBM on the OSCs.Results: PCR analyses showed lower neuroepithelial stem cell protein (Nestin) expression in the 740 nm groups (energy densities 5 and 10 J/cm2), and increase in the 850 nm-10 J/cm2 compared to the control. SRY-box transcription factor 2 (Sox2) was downregulated in the 740 nm-10 J/cm2 and elevated in the 850 nm-10 J/cm2 group. Increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the 740 nm groups. Microtubule-associated protein 2 (Map2) expression increased in all groups. Futhermore, Doublecortin (Dcx) expressions increased in 740 nm groups while decreased in 850 nm groups. The expressions of the leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) varied in 740 nm groups and increased in 850 nm groups. Increased expressions in 740 nm groups and decreased expressions in 850 nm groups in cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36). Early B-cell factor 1 (Ebf1) expressions were lower in 740 nm groups and higher in 850 nm groups. Immunofluorescence staining revealed increased tubulin beta 3 (Tubb3) and olfactory marker protein (OMP) intensities in 850 nm-5 J/cm2.Conclusion: The PBM treatment showed positive effects on the maturation and development of OSCs into mature olfactory neurons.
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The goal of this study was to assess the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on the neuronal differentiation of olfactory stem cells (OSCs).Materials and Methods: The OSCs were irradiated with different wavelengths (740 nm and 850 nm) and different energy densities (5 J/cm2 and 10 J/cm2). Immunofluorescence staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis were utilized to evaluate the effects of PBM on the OSCs.Results: PCR analyses showed lower neuroepithelial stem cell protein (Nestin) expression in the 740 nm groups (energy densities 5 and 10 J/cm2), and increase in the 850 nm-10 J/cm2 compared to the control. SRY-box transcription factor 2 (Sox2) was downregulated in the 740 nm-10 J/cm2 and elevated in the 850 nm-10 J/cm2 group. Increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the 740 nm groups. Microtubule-associated protein 2 (Map2) expression increased in all groups. Futhermore, Doublecortin (Dcx) expressions increased in 740 nm groups while decreased in 850 nm groups. The expressions of the leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) varied in 740 nm groups and increased in 850 nm groups. Increased expressions in 740 nm groups and decreased expressions in 850 nm groups in cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36). Early B-cell factor 1 (Ebf1) expressions were lower in 740 nm groups and higher in 850 nm groups. Immunofluorescence staining revealed increased tubulin beta 3 (Tubb3) and olfactory marker protein (OMP) intensities in 850 nm-5 J/cm2.Conclusion: The PBM treatment showed positive effects on the maturation and development of OSCs into mature olfactory neurons.
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