고려 말-조선 초 공납자기 생산체계의 변화

Abstract

During the Goryo period, production of the ceramic ware(貢納磁器) for tax payment of Gangjin ceramics workshop(窯場) was discontinued in the third quarter of the 14th century. Since then the production site of the ceramic ware for tax payment was moved to other regions outside of Gangjin before 1389, and after 1392, when the Joseon Dynasty was founded, it spread to various ceramics workshops in Chungcheong, Jeolla, and Gyeongsang provinces. For the ceramic ware production, ceramic craftsman with specific technical skills and pottery facilities including kilns. In this respect, since the fourth quarter of the 14th century, it is possible that the ceramics for the public payer produced in various places other than Gangjin is that produced certain kinds of tributes as new tax payment method for Jeongyeokho(定役戶) by a physical labor(身役). Joseon Dynasty secured the finances of the various government offices that carried out public affairs as a tribute and ceramic ware was one of several tributes. The procurement system of the early Joseon tribute is largely the divided(分定) and the offering a tribute(上納). The central government shall establish Gong-an(貢案) that was reinforced with its status as a national budget ledger worthy of name through its revisions and divide it into the province(道), and the provinces shall divide it into local counties(郡縣) and prefectures. In case of a ceramic ware as a tribute, the local authorities collect the ceramic ware from the chief craft masters who are the households for tax payment(定役戶) of jurisdictional county, and pay them back to the central government. Between 1392 and 1417, the government offices that carried out the ceramic-collecting related work procured by government offices include the (司膳署) and Jangheung-go(長興庫). Saseonseo(司膳署) was in charge of providing food in the palace, including fresh fish and Jangheung-go was responsible for the management of the ceramic ware. The ceramic ware with name-marked "司膳" and the "長興", are representative ones for tax payment. However, in April 1417, the quantity (amount) of the ceramic ware for tax payment was decided by government office, and the counties(郡縣) received the allocation and ordered tax payer pottery to produce them with indicating the name of government office to be paid on the ceramic ware. After the measures they started to mark the name of the government office and of the production place on the ceramic ware. The changes in the production system of the ceramic ware for tribute system discussed above were reflected from discussion of the Gong-an Revision (貢案改定) during the reign of King Taejong and the Gong-an(貢案) presented in King Sejong period (世宗朝詳定貢案) and the results listed as 139 places of ceramics workshops after 1424 in the Sejong sillok jiriji (世宗實錄 地理志, Geographical Appendix to the Annals of King Sejong).