존 로크의『인간지성론』독해
John Locke's Epistemological Reflection on Liberty
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
존 로크는『인간지성론』에서 ‘인식’의 과정을 누구나 평등하게 가지고 있는 ‘몸의 활동’으로 규정하면서 자유롭고 독립적으로 ‘지식세계’를 구성하는 ‘개인’을 새로운 정치적 주체로 내세운다. 부흥하던 자연과학의 방법론인 관찰과 귀납에 보다 친화적인 ‘경험’이라는 인간 활동의 새로운 차원을 발굴한다. ‘경험’을 신, 왕, 교회, 판사와 같은 외부의 권위를 거치지 않고서도 ‘양심’이라는 신의 선물을 가지고 ‘하얀 도화지’에 단독적으로 지식체계를 구축하는 과정으로 정의하면서 로크는 궁극적으로 시민계급의 정치적 역능의 강화를 꾀하였다. 또한 사물에 대한 성질을 구하는 차원을 일원적인 ‘지식’과 다원적인 ‘의견’의 차원으로 세분화 시키면서 ‘의견’을 바탕으로 ‘관용’이라는 개념을 낳았다. 이러한 논의들을 바탕으로 이 글은 로크의『인간지성론』의 철학적인 주장은 그의 자유주의 정치철학의 토대를 형성하고 있음을 밝힌다.
Abstract
An Whig protagonist, Locke's championship of the parliamentary supremacy invokes a conceptual recasting of the constitutional identity of individual as free and equal. To fulfill this quality, his epistemological bid proves essential in such a way of lending men equipped with the capability of building knowledges. His 1689 seminal work, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, reaches its acme in putting forward the individual as a new agency in modern political landscape. Recasting ‘perception’ as an act of body, equal faculty to all human being, Locke opens up a liberal understanding with which he believed to provide a robust remedy to the war-stricken English polity. ‘Toleration’ stands out its prominent example. To combat Cartesian innatism, Locke draws out the possibility of ‘opinion’, pluralistic approach to the world, with which to prevent dogmatic Christianity from harming the polity. This research therefore intends to unearth the intrinsic liberal characters of his epistemology, yet has been not been previously studied, with which to prove integral to his another crowning work, Two Treaties of Government: an Essay Concerning the True Original, Extend and the End of Civil Government.
참고문헌 (35)
- 서양근대철학회, "서양근대철학" (2001), 철학과현실사
- 송규범, "존 로크의 정치사상" (2015), 아카넷
- 이재영, "영국 경험론 연구 : 데카르트에서 리드까지" (1999), 서광사
- Anstey, Peter R., "The Science of Nature in the Seventeenth Century: Patterns of Change in Early Modern Natural Philosophy", pp.215~242 (2005), Schuster
- Anstey, Peter R., "The Creation of the English Hippocrates", Medical History, 55(4), pp.457~478 (2011)
- Anstey, Peter R., "The Oxford Handbook of British Philosophy in the Seventeenth Century", pp.311~328 (2013), Oxford University Press
- Arnauld, Antoine, "Logic or the Art of Thinking" (1996), Cambridge University Press
- Ayers, Michael, "Locke Versus Aristotle on Natural Kinds", Journal of Philosophy, 78(5), pp.247~272 (1981)
- Ayers, Michael, "Locke" (1991), Routledge
- Brubaker, Stanley C., "Coming into One’s Own: John Locke’s Theory of Property, God, and Politics", The Review of Politics, 74(2), pp.207~232 (2012)
- Buickerood, James G., "The Natural History of the Understanding:Locke and the Rise of Facultative Logic in the Eighteenth Century", History and Philosophy of Logic, 6(1), pp.157~190 (1985)
- Chappell, Vere Claiborne, "Locke on the Intellectual Basis of Sin", Journal of the History of Philosophy, 32(2), pp.197~207 (1994)
- Chappell, Vere Claiborne, "Locke’s Philosophy: Content and Context", pp.101~121 (1994), Clarendon Press
- Descartes, Rene, "Meditations on First Philosophy, translated by Michael Moriarty" (2008), Oxford University Press
- Dunn, John, "The Political Thought of John Locke: An Historical Account of the Argument of the ‘Two Treatises of Government’" (1969), Cambridge University Press
- Dunn, John, "Locke : A Very Short Introduction" (1984), Oxford University Press
- Goldie, Mark, "The Roots of True Whiggism, 1688-1694", History of Political Thought, 1(2), pp.195~236 (1980)
- Goldie, Mark, "The Ancient Constitution and the Language of Political Thought", The Historical Journal, 62(1), pp.3~34 (2019)
- Gough, John Wiedhofft, "John Locke’s Political Philosophy" (1973), Clarenden Press
- Grant, Ruth. W., "John Locke’s Liberalism" (1987), University of Chicago Press
- Laslett, Peter, "Two Treaties of Government: Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought", pp.3~127 (1988), Cambridge University Press
- Locke, John, "The Library of John Locke" (1967), Cambridge University Press
- Locke, John, "Two Treatise of Government: The Second Treatise of Government―An Essay Concerning the True Original, Extent, and the End of the Civil-government" (1988), Cambridge University Press
- Locke, John, "An Essay concerning Human Understanding" (2004), Penguin Books
- Losonsky, Michael, "John Locke on Passion, Will and Belief", British Journal for the History of Philosophy, 4(2), pp.267~283 (1996)
- Lowe, E. J., "Locke on Human Understanding" (1995), Routledge
- Owen, David, "Review of Nicholas Wolterstorff ’s John Locke and the Ethics of Belief", The Locke Newsletter, 30, pp.103~127 (1999)
- Passmore, J., "Locke", pp.279~299 (1998), Oxford University Press
- Plamenatz, John, "Man and Society: A Critical Examination of Some Important Social and Political Theories from Machiavelli to Marx" (1963), Longman
- Russell, Bertrand, "The History of Western Philosophy" (1945), A Touchstone Book
- Serjeantson, R. W., "‘Human Understanding’ and The Genre of Locke’s Essay", Intellectual History Review, 18(2), pp.157~171 (2008)
- Tully, James, "The Cambridge History of Political Thoughts, 1450-1700", pp.616~652 (1991), Cambridge University Press
- Wolterstorff, Nicholas, "John Locke and the Ethics of Belief" (1996), Cambridge University Press
- Yaffe, Gideon, "Liberty Worth the Name : Locke on Free Agency" (2000), Princeton University Press
- Yolton, Jolton W., "A Locke Dictionary" (1993), Blackwell