한국 건설 부문의 사망-재해 결정 요인 분석
Analysis of the Determinants of Fatal Accidents in the Construction Sector in Korea
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본 연구는 한국 건설 부문의 사망재해자수와 경제 요인 변수 간의 장기 및 단기 관계를 분석했다. 자기회귀시차모형(ARDL)을 이용하여 사망재해자수와 경제 요인 변수 사이의 장기 균형 관계를 추정하였고, 오차수정모형(VECM)을 통해 단기적인 인과관계를 분석했다. 분석결과, 사망재해자수와 경제적 요인 변수 사이에는 공적분 관계가 존재했다. 단기에는 GDP가 10% 증가할 때 사망재해자수는 1.7% 증가했다. 실업률이 10% 증가할 때 사망재해자수는 4.6% 감소했다. 떨어짐이 10% 증가할 때 사망재해자수는 4.2% 증가했으며, 업무상 질병이 10% 증가할 때 사망재해자수가 2% 증가한 것으로 분석되었다. 장기에는 부딪힘이 10% 증가할 때 사망재해자수는 0.2% 증가했으며, 물체에 맞음이 10% 증가할 때 사망재해자수는 2.4% 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 분석결과는 건설 부문 사망 재해 요인들과 경제 요인 변수들 사이의 강한 인과관계를 가진다는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 본 연구의 시사점은 사망 재해 결정 요인들에 대한 적절한 정책 및 법률 개정이 산업재해자수 저감에 큰 도움이 될 것으로 생각한다.
Abstract
This study analyzed the long-run and short-run relationships between the number of fatal accidents and economic factors in the Korean construction sector using annual time series data from 2001 to 2021. For analysis, the ARDL bound test was used to estimate the long-run equilibrium relationship between the number of fatalities and economic factors, and the short-run causal relationship was analyzed through the Vector Error Correction Model. As a result of the analysis, there was a cointegration relationship between the number of deaths and economic factors. In the short run, when GDP increased by 10%, the number of deaths increased by 1.7%. When the unemployment increased by 10%, the number of fatal accidents decreased by 4.6%. It was analyzed that the number of deaths increased by 4.2% when falls increased by 10%, and the number of deaths increased by 2% when occupational diseases increased by 10%. In the long run, when bumping increased by 10%, the number of deaths increased by 0.2%, and when hit by objects increased by 10%, the number of deaths increased by 2.4%. These analysis results can be interpreted as having a strong causal relationship between fatal accident factors in the construction sector and economic factor variables. Therefore, appropriate policies and legislative amendments on the determinants of fatal accidents will be of great help in reducing the number of industrial accidents.
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