Effects of niobium oxide additive on the phase development and physico-mechanical properties of zirconia-clay ceramics composite
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The effect of niobium oxide additives and sintering temperature on the phase developments and physico-mechanical propertiesof zirconia-clay ceramic composite was investigated. The clay of known mineralogical composition was source from a largedeposit in Ile-Ife, in Osun State Nigeria. The beneficiated clay, was milled to a particle size of 300 µm. The milled clay wasblended with varied percentages of yttria stabilized zirconia and niobium oxide powders in a tubular mixer for 18 hours ata speed of 72 rev/min. From the blended powders, standard samples were produced by uniaxial compression. This wasfollowed by sintering in an electric furnace at 1200 oC and 1300 oC for one hour. The sintered samples were characterized forvarious physical and mechanical properties. The phases developed in the sample during sintering were also investigated usingX-ray diffractometer (XRD). Morphology and microanalysis of the sintered ceramic composite samples were determined usingultrahigh resolution field emission scanning electron microscope (UHR-FESEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS). It was observed that at 1200 oC the presence of niobium oxide in the samples favours the decomposition of zircon tosilica phases and zirconia. It was also observed that the combined effects of increased sintering temperature to 1300 oC andaddition of niobium oxide favour the formation of more sillimanite in preference to mullite. At 1200 oC niobium oxide additiveinhibits the formation of mullite in preference to the formation of aluminum niobate and sillimanite. It also favoursdecomposition of zircon to the silica phases and zirconia. Increase in the niobium oxide content lead to increased bulk densityat 1300 oC. It was concluded that the sample with optimum physico-mechanical properties is considered to be sample FT2 with10% ZrO2, 0% Nb2O5, 90% clay and sintered at 1300 oC held at the sintering temperature for 60 minutes
Abstract
The effect of niobium oxide additives and sintering temperature on the phase developments and physico-mechanical propertiesof zirconia-clay ceramic composite was investigated. The clay of known mineralogical composition was source from a largedeposit in Ile-Ife, in Osun State Nigeria. The beneficiated clay, was milled to a particle size of 300 µm. The milled clay wasblended with varied percentages of yttria stabilized zirconia and niobium oxide powders in a tubular mixer for 18 hours ata speed of 72 rev/min. From the blended powders, standard samples were produced by uniaxial compression. This wasfollowed by sintering in an electric furnace at 1200 oC and 1300 oC for one hour. The sintered samples were characterized forvarious physical and mechanical properties. The phases developed in the sample during sintering were also investigated usingX-ray diffractometer (XRD). Morphology and microanalysis of the sintered ceramic composite samples were determined usingultrahigh resolution field emission scanning electron microscope (UHR-FESEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS). It was observed that at 1200 oC the presence of niobium oxide in the samples favours the decomposition of zircon tosilica phases and zirconia. It was also observed that the combined effects of increased sintering temperature to 1300 oC andaddition of niobium oxide favour the formation of more sillimanite in preference to mullite. At 1200 oC niobium oxide additiveinhibits the formation of mullite in preference to the formation of aluminum niobate and sillimanite. It also favoursdecomposition of zircon to the silica phases and zirconia. Increase in the niobium oxide content lead to increased bulk densityat 1300 oC. It was concluded that the sample with optimum physico-mechanical properties is considered to be sample FT2 with10% ZrO2, 0% Nb2O5, 90% clay and sintered at 1300 oC held at the sintering temperature for 60 minutes
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