Optimization of Friction Stir Welding Parameters for AA5052-AA2014 Joints Using Critic and Marcos Methods: Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and Tool Pin Profiles
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Friction stir welding (FSW) is an innovative technique for joining both similar and dissimilar aluminum materials, extensivelyutilized in the automotive and aerospace sectors to mitigate problems like as porosity, hot cracking, and elemental loss relatedto fusion welding methods. This study investigates the amalgamation of two distinct materials, AA5052 and AA2014 andevaluates their mechanical properties concerning the influence of FSW process variables, such as welding speed (WS), toolrotational speed (TRS), and axial load (AL), on the integrity of the weld nugget zone formation. The critical functions ofvarious tool pin profiles are also highlighted. The selection criteria are determined by the evaluated mechanical parameters,which encompass yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), percentage of elongation, and hardness (HV). TheCRITIC (criteria importance through intercriteria correlation) technique was employed to obtain the significance ofcriteria for performance assessment. The application of MARCOS (Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according toCompromise Solution) for ranking assessment indicates that the sixteenth samples exhibit the most advantageous mechanicalfeatures. The findings demonstrate that defect-free weld joints are attained at a WS of 16 mm/min, a TRS of 1600 rpm, andan AL of 8 N using a hexagonal pin profile, resulting in a UTS of 227 MPa, an YS of 215 MPa, a percentage of elongationof 8.5, and a hardness of 96 HV. The confirmation of the ranking through various decision-making instruments illustratesthe dependability and efficiency of the suggested methodology.
Abstract
Friction stir welding (FSW) is an innovative technique for joining both similar and dissimilar aluminum materials, extensivelyutilized in the automotive and aerospace sectors to mitigate problems like as porosity, hot cracking, and elemental loss relatedto fusion welding methods. This study investigates the amalgamation of two distinct materials, AA5052 and AA2014 andevaluates their mechanical properties concerning the influence of FSW process variables, such as welding speed (WS), toolrotational speed (TRS), and axial load (AL), on the integrity of the weld nugget zone formation. The critical functions ofvarious tool pin profiles are also highlighted. The selection criteria are determined by the evaluated mechanical parameters,which encompass yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), percentage of elongation, and hardness (HV). TheCRITIC (criteria importance through intercriteria correlation) technique was employed to obtain the significance ofcriteria for performance assessment. The application of MARCOS (Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according toCompromise Solution) for ranking assessment indicates that the sixteenth samples exhibit the most advantageous mechanicalfeatures. The findings demonstrate that defect-free weld joints are attained at a WS of 16 mm/min, a TRS of 1600 rpm, andan AL of 8 N using a hexagonal pin profile, resulting in a UTS of 227 MPa, an YS of 215 MPa, a percentage of elongationof 8.5, and a hardness of 96 HV. The confirmation of the ranking through various decision-making instruments illustratesthe dependability and efficiency of the suggested methodology.