우리나라 초산부의 출산 연령에 따른 단태아 조기분만율추이에 관한 연구, 1997~1999, 2011~2013
Secular Trends of Preterm Birth Rate in Primiparous Women by Matermal Age: 1997~1999, 2011~2013 Singleton Birth Certificated Data of Korea
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초록
본 연구자료는 통계청 1997~1999년(918,115건), 2011~2013년(690,120건)의 출생신고 자료(단태아, 출생순위 1아, 출산 연령 20세 이상)를 이용하여 구간별 조기분만 발생 빈도와 출산 연령별 조기분만 발생위험도 분석을 위해 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 조기분만율은 phase I (1997~1999)이 2.9%, phase II (2011~2013)는 4.4%로 이 기간 동안 약52% 증가하였고, 연령 표준화 조기분만율은 3.2%에서4.2%로 31% 증가하였다. 20~24세군의 조기분만율의경우 phase I은 2.5%, phase II는 4.2%, 25~29세군은 2.6%에서 3.8%, 30~34세군은 4.0%에서 4.4% 로 증가하였고, 35~39세군과 40세 이상군은 각각 6.0 %, 7.6%로 발생 빈도에 변동이 없었다. 출생아의 성, 혼인상태, 교육수준, 직업 등의 변수를 이용하여 출산연령별 조기분만 발생 위험도를 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 20~24세군은 phase I에 비해 phase II에서 1.636 (95% 신뢰구간: 1.550~1.726), 25~29세군 1.451 (1.410~1.494), 30~34세군 1.193 (1.149~1.238) 으로 유의한 차가 있었고(p<0.01), 35~39세군과 40 세 이상군은 교차비가 통계적으로 유의한 차가 없었다. phase I은 출산 연령 25~29세군에 비해 30~34세군에서 교차비가 1.542 (1.490~1.595), 35~39세군2.230 (2.105~2.362), 40세 이상은 2.731 (2.433~ 3.067)이었다. 반면 Phase II에서 교차비는 각각1.171, 1.567, 1.926으로 phase I보다 전 연령에서 감소한 것으로 나타나 출산 연령의 증가에 따른 조기분만발생 위험도는 과거보다 낮아진 것으로 나타났다. 조기분만 발생 양상이 35세 이상 고령에서 위험도가 높지만과거에 비해 정체 수준이 있으나, 출산 연령별 조기분만율 증가 속도는 오히려 20대에서 크게 나타나 이들연령층에 적합한 중재 프로그램이 필요할 것으로 보여진다.
Abstract
Purpose: The objective of the study was to compare the secular trend of age specific preterm birth (PTB) rate by analyzing singleton birth certificated data among primiparous women (1997~ 1999: 918,115 births, 2011~2013: 690,120 births) of Korea Statistics. Methods: Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated from logistic regression analyses to describe the secular trend (1997~1999 and 2011~2013) of maternal age specific PTB rate (20~24, 25~29, 30~34, 35~39, ≥40) adjusted for infantile sex, maternal education & occupation, and marital status. Results: The incidence of PTB increased 2.9 percent in 1997~1999 (phase I) to 4.4 percent in 2011~2013 (phase II). Age standardized PTB rate rose from 3.2 percent to 4.2 percent during the period. Compared with age specific PTB rates of phase I, the odds ratio of PTB in birth year of phase II were 1.636 (95% confidence interval: 1.550~1.726) in aged 20~24 years, 1.451 (1.410~ 1.494) in 25~29 years, 1.193 (1.149~1.238) in 30~34 years, 1.068 (0.996~1.146) in 35~39 years and 1.096 (0.939~1.280) in 40 years and older. Compared with PTB rate of women aged 25~29 years in phase I and phase II, respectively, a slightly decrease in adjusted odds ratios among women aged 30~34 was found for PTB rate (1.542 versus 1.171), for women aged 35~39 (2.230 versus 1.567) and for women aged 40 years and older (2.731 versus 1.923). Conclusions: Rate of PTB between phase I & II increased higher in primiprous women aged 20~ 29 years, whereas rates remained stable in women aged 35~39, and 40 years and older. There was a need to understand the contributing maternal age factors to PTB, and to reduce PTB rate for women aged 20~29 years.
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