유럽연합(EU)의 디지털 문화유산 정책: 정책의 내용과 함의
European Union's Digital Heritage Policy: Content and Implications of the Policy
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유럽연합에서 문화산업 혹은 문화창조산업은 문화유산 플랫폼 구축과 활용, 문화유산의 디지털화를 통한 상업적 활용 그리고 브로드밴드를 활용한 문화상품의 유통 등 디지털 기술의 수혜를 가장 많이 받는 분야이다. 특별히 문화유산의 디지털화와 활용은 유럽문화수도(European Capital of Culture)와 같은 전통적인 문화정책과 달리 기술적 지원을 전제한 과학기술정책의 성격이 강하다. 따라서 문화유산의 디지털화와 활용은 디지털기술 표준화, 연구개발, 문화부분의 클러스터와 네트워크 플랫폼 구축 그리고 지식재산권 강화 등을 망라한 4차 산업혁명 시대의 새로운 창조산업으로 인식되고 있다. 대표적으로 유럽연합이 실행하는 디지털 문화유산(Digital Cultural Heritage)은 새로운 유럽적 문화창조산업을 대표하는 프로그램으로 중소기업을 중심으로 디지털 분야의 기술개발과 일자리 창출이라는 경제산업적 목적을 내재한다. 한편으로 디지털문화유산 프로그램은 급변하는 디지털 기술을 수용한 정책이라는 점에서 유럽연합의 과학기술정책인 호라이존 2020(Horizon 2020)을 통한 여러 신기술개발 및 응용과도 연계되어 실행된다. 이와 같이 디지털 문화유산 프로그램은 디지털 단일시장과 과학기술정책을 통한 제도적, 기술적 지원을 배경으로 진행되는 복합적 목적과 실행내용을 담은 정책이다.
Abstract
In the European Union, cultural industry or cultural creative industry is the field that receives the most benefits of digital technology, such as establishment and utilization of cultural heritage platform, commercial utilization through digitaliagtion of cultural heritage, and distribution of cultural goods using broadband. In particular, the digitalization and utilization of cultural heritage has a strong nature of science and technology policies that presuppose technological support, unlike traditional cultural policies such as Capital of Cultural. Therefore, the digitalization and utilization of cultural heritage is recognized as a new creative industry in the era of the 4th industrial revolution, which encompasses digital technology standardization, research and development, building clusters and network platforms in the cultural sector, and strengthening intellectual property rights. Since the digital cultural heritage program is a policy that embraces rapidly changing digital technologies, it is implemented in conjunction with the development and application of several new technologies through the European Union's science and technology policy like a Horizon 2020. As such, the digital cultural heritage program has a complex character as a group of programs in Creative Europe, which is a cultural policy conducted against the background of institutional and technical support through a digital single market and science and technology policy.
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