수양론적 맥락에서 『장자』 ‘枯木死灰’論의 이해(1) - 『장자』 내적인 의미체계를 중심으로 -

Abstract

This paper aims at investigating the concept of ‘Ku-mu and Si-hui(枯木死灰, the body like a withered tree and the mind like dead ashes)’ in Zhuangzi and under the historical context of theory of self-cultivation. First of all, we take notice on ‘Ku-mu and Si-hui’ in ‘Qiwu-lun(齊物論, Discourse on levelling all things)’ should be understood by associating it with emotion and consciousness. Therefore, the story of ‘Tian-lai(天籟, Heavenly piping)’ should be read not only as a metaphysical system but as a matter of emotion and mind, thus suggesting the need to reexamine the issue how to distinguish chapters and paragraphs in ‘Qiwu-lun’. It also reviewed the view that the meaning of ‘Ku-mu and Si-hui’ depicting the appearance of an ideal personality was taken in the same context as Zhuangzi’s understanding of ‘dispassionateness(無情).’ In addition, we analyze two possible aspects of misunderstanding on ‘Ku-mu and Si-hui’ and ‘dispassionateness(無情)’, that is, they do not mean emotionless like non-living things, and not mean ultimate stage as a means of purpose. Both of these were already mentioned in the Zhangzi, but later pointed out that they were negatively or positively misreaded in the context of the theory of self-cultivation in Chinese Buddhism and Neo-Confucianism.