미혼 여성의 임신능력 보존을 위한 난자 동결에 대한 인식
Acceptance of Oocytes Freezing for Fertility Preservation for Social Reasons Among Unmarried Korean Women
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본 연구는 한국의 미혼여성들을 대상으로 여성의 연령과가임력의관련성에대한인식을조사하고, 결혼또는 출산을 미루고자 할 때, 가임 능력을 보존하기 위한난자 동결 방법에 대한 필요성과 현실적인 기회비용에대한 인식 정도를 알아보고자 40세 미만의 총 350명여성에게설문조사를하였다. 응답한여성의평균연령은29.5세(range 17~40세) 였고, 여성의79.4%가대학졸업이상의고학력이었고, 73%가직업을가지고있었다. 임신과출산계획에대해서"현재결혼계획이없다"는경우가190명(54.3%), 그이유(중복답변가능) 는적당한결혼상대자가 없다.”가121명(63.7%), “경제적 안정 또는 공부나 직장의 일이 안정된 후에 결혼하겠다.”가 76명(40%), “아이 없이 자유롭게 살겠다.” 가 9명(4.7%)이였다. 임신능력과 여성의 나이에 대하여 여성의 나이가 증가함에 따라 임신능력의 저하는 93 %여성에서잘알고있었지만, 생리를규칙적으로한다면 늦은 나이에도 임신하는데 문제 없다고 생각하는 경우도 18%에서 관찰되고, 응답자의 20%는 43세에서50세까지 출산이 가능하다고 답변하였다. 또한, 난자동결 보관을 미래를 위한 임신능력 보존을 위해 시도할때, 144명(41.4%)이 긍정적으로, 204명(58.6%)가부정적인답변을하였다. 하지만, 두그룹에서연령, 의료종사자 여부, 산부인과 병력, 조기 폐경 가족력 등에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 가임력 보존을 위한난자동결은 아직 널리 알려지거나 사회적으로 공유되지못한 부분도 있지만, 현실적인 치료 접근성과 편리함, 건강의 안정성이 확보되고, 이를 구체적으로 알린다면미혼여성에서 생식능력보존의 구체적인 대안으로 고려될 수 있겠다.
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the awareness of unmarried Korean women about the relationship between fertility and age with respect to the need to consider oocyte freezing to preserve fertility in cases of delayed marriage and pregnancy. Methods: Our questionnaires were distributed to a total of 350 unmarried women under 40 years old, consisting of 250 visiting patients and 100 medical workers in Oct. 2010 and Dec. 2010. The questionnaire was composed of 25 multiple choice items as follows: Part I, demographic characteristics; Part II, past history and family history for gynecologic disease; Part III, planning for marriage and pregnancy; Part IV, awareness about fecundity and pregnancy complication according to female age; Part V, willingness toward oocyte freezing for social reasons. Results: The mean age of the women who responded was 29.5 years (range 17~40 years). Eighteen percent answered “very interested” and 23% answered “interested” to the question “Do you want the opportunity to preserve your oocytes to prepare for delayed childbirth for social reasons?” while 47% answered “not very interested” and 11% answered ”not at all interested”. There was no statistical difference in age, the number of medical worker, history of gynecologic disease, and familial history of premature ovarian insufficiency between positive responder (n=144, 41.4%) and negative responder (n=204, 58.6%) toward oocyte freezing. Conclusion: Even though oocyte freezing is not a widespread procedure in Korean society, oocyte cryopreservation in unmarried women suggests a practical alternative to preserving fertility if its safety, practical effectiveness, and convenience are ensured and communicated to women.
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