신생아 청각선별검사의 현황과 청각 재활

Abstract

Neonatal hearing impairment (NHI) significantly impacts language development and social adaptation. Without early detection and intervention, affected children may experience delays in language acquisition, cognitive growth, and social integration. We reviewed neonatal hearing screening (NHS) and rehabilitation strategies in South Korea to assess program efficacy and highlight the necessity of early intervention. We conducted a comprehensive review of NHS methodologies, diagnostic protocols, and rehabilitation approaches. Data on NHI prevalence, screening implementation rates, and government policies were analyzed. The impact of impaired hearing on speech development, cognition, and economic burden were also examined. The introduction of NHS significantly reduced the average age at time of hearing impairment diagnosis. In South Korea, screening rates have increased substantially following the inclusion of NHS in the national health insurance program. The 1-3-6 guideline—screening by one month, diagnosis by three months, and intervention by six months—has been established as a critical standard. Early intervention with hearing aids or cochlear implants has demonstrated significant language development and social adaptation benefits. Government policies have expanded financial support, particularly for children with mild to moderate impaired hearing. NHS is a cost-effective public health measure that enables early detection and timely intervention for infants with impaired hearing. Continued efforts are required to improve screening accuracy, expand rehabilitation support, and strengthen long-term monitoring systems to optimize language and cognitive outcomes.