대전 월평동 양이두의 재조명

Abstract

This research is intended to bring attention to ‘yangidu’羊耳頭, a part of an ancient stringed instrument excavated in the Wŏlpy'ŏngdong 月坪洞 remains, Taejŏn 大田, in 1995. As the shape of this piece is the same as that of the current kayagŭm 伽倻琴 and it was discovered in Taejŏn, part of the ancient kingdom, Paekche 百済, most researchers regarded it as the yangidu of kayagŭm or paekchegŭm 百済琴. However, some researchers argued that it was a hasty conclusion based on the comparison with the current kayagŭm and the region where it was excavated without considering its origin and affinity. As a result of the research into the matter of its origin and affinity, it turned out that it is unlikely to be either kayagŭm or paekchegŭm. First of all, the structure of the early kayagŭm is unknown yet. Therefore, it is impossible to know whether it originated from kayagŭm. Second, in music archaeology records, not any of paekchegŭm is found built in the yangidu structure. However, among the 12 pieces of stringed instruments found in the Silla clay figures, there were three pieces that were assumed to be made in the yangidu structure. Since the structure of these three is almost the same as that of the yangidu discovered in Taejŏn, it was concluded that the Wŏlpy'ŏngdong yangidu originated from sillagŭm 新羅琴. While the Wŏlpy'ŏngdong yangidu has 8 strings, the sillagŭm in the 4th to 5th centuries has 6 strings. It could be assumed that the Wŏlpy'ŏngdong yangidu added two more strings owing to the influence of kayagŭm in the mid 6th century. The transformation of the Wŏlpy'ŏngdong yangidu, in turn, shed light on that of the Chŏngch'angwŏn's 正倉院(Shosoin in Japanese) sillagŭm that was transformed into the 12 stringed instrument in the 8 to 9th century. In conclusion, this research suggests that the Wŏlpy'ŏngdong yangidu originated from the sillagŭm. A sillagŭm was excavated in Taejŏn which used to be in Paekche territory because it is located near the border with the Silla dynasty. Especially in the 6th and 7th centuries, Taejŏn was located west of the Silla border. The nearby cities that are close to Taejŏn, such as Poŭn 報恩, Okch'ŏn 沃川 and Ch'ŏngwŏn 清原, used to belong to the Silla dynasty in the 5th century. Moreover, as Chinch'ŏn 鎮川(or Ch'ŏnan 天安) and Ch'ungju 忠州(Kugwŏn 国原) were incorporated into the Silla dynasty in the 6th century, many Silla people from Kyŏngju 慶州(Kŭmsŏng 金城), the capital of Silla, moved to the Ch'ungch'ŏng 忠清 area, transmitting the culture of Silla in the region. Therefore, yangidu is excavated in the region where the cultural and economical exchanges with a neighboring kingdom must have taken place on a daily basis. In conclusion, that ‘the Wŏlpy'ŏngdong yangidu’ should be a part of ‘the 8 stringed sillagŭm’ with the influence of the 12 stringed kayagŭm in the 6th century. It has an important historical significance in that it is the only remaining piece that shows the developmental process of the ancient sillagŭm.