친환경연료 선박의 가스누출 피해저감을 위한 연구
A Study on Safety Assessment for Low-flashpoint and Eco-friendly Fueled Ship
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초록
선박의 온실가스 감축을 위한 다양한 환경규제가 발효되었고, 이로 인해 액화 천연 가스(Liquid natural gas, LNG), 액화 석유 가스(Liquefied petroleum gas, LPG), 암모니아 그리고 바이오 연료 등 여러 대체 연료를 선박에 적용하고 있다. 대안 연료의 대부분이 액화가스형태의 저인화점 연료가 많이 거론되고 있고 그 사용량은 지속적으로 늘어날 것으로 예상된다. 이에 따라, 이러한 저인화점 연료를 선박 연료로써 이용하기 위한 표준이나 지침서가 필요한데 아직까지 미비한 실정이다. LNG의 경우, 벙커링과 관련하여 ISO 표준이 마련되었고 비영리민간기구(NGO)인 선박가스연료협회(Society for Gas as a Marine Fuel, SGMF)에서도 LNG 벙커링에 대한 지침서를 마련하여 발간하였다. 이와 더불어, 선급에서도 안전한 벙커링을 위해 벙커링 방법과 절차에 따라 안전관리구역을 지정하도록 하고 있다. 따라서, 연료에 따른 안전관리구역을 설정하기 위한 절차를 마련하고 절차 수립을 위해 벙커링 환경조건과 가스 누출 시나리오를 분석하고 이를 토대로 수치해석적 방법으로 검증이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 절차 수립을 위한 초기 연구로써, 산업계의 적용 현황과 표준을 살펴보고 선급 지침서와 기존 선행 연구를 분석 및 조사하였다. 이를 바탕으로 국내 항만에서 벙커링을 위한 안전관리구역 설정을 위한 절차를 마련하고자 한다.
Abstract
To limit greenhouse gas emissions from ships, numerous environmental regulations and standards have been taken into effect. As a result, alternative fuels such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), ammonia, and biofuels have been applied to ships. Most of these alternative fuels are low flashpoint fuels in the form of liquefied gas. Their use is predicted to continue to increase. Thus, management regulations for using low flash point fuel as a ship fuel are required. However, they are currently insufficient. In the case of LNG, ISO standards have been prepared in relation to bunkering. The Society for Gas as a Marine Fuel (SGMF), a non-governmental organization (NGO), has also prepared and published a guideline on LNG bunkering. The classification society also requires safety management areas to be designated according to bunkering methods and procedures for safe bunkering. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a procedure for setting a safety management area according to the type of fuel, environmental conditions, and leakage scenarios and verify it with a numerical method. In this study, as a feasibility study for establishing these procedures, application status and standards of the industry were reviewed. Classification guidelines and existing preceding studies were analyzed and investigated. Based on results of this study, a procedure for establishing a safety management area for bunkering in domestic ports of Korea can be prepared.
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