석탄화력 발전 플랜트의 암모니아 활용을 위한 암모니아 기화 에너지 최적화 연구
Optimization Study on Ammonia Vaporization Energy for Ammonia Power Generation in a Coal-Fired Power Plant
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Ammonia is a carbon-free fuel that emits no carbon dioxide during combustion. Ammonia co-firing in coal-fired power plants is emerging as a transitional technology for carbon neutrality. Under the ammonia co-firing condition, the plant efficiency is affected by changes in the heat transfer mechanism to the steam cycle. Especially, the energy required for ammonia vaporization reduces plant efficiency. To evaluate these challenges, a process simulation model was developed for the 870 MWe supercritical power plant, integrating the boiler, turbine cycle, and flue gas treatment systems. Various heat recovery methods for ammonia vaporization were assessed, including flue gas sensible heat, steam sensible heat, and combinations of seawater with flue gas or steam. When seawater is utilized, it supplies most of the energy required for ammonia vaporization, thereby minimizing efficiency losses. In particular, the integration of seawater with flue gas reduces efficiency losses to nearly 0%, depending on the vaporizer installation location. Therefore, this method is considered the most efficient heat recovery method for ammonia vaporization in terms of overall plant performance. These findings provide practical insights into the utilization of ammonia co-firing, which can improve plant performance and reduce carbon emissions.
Abstract
Ammonia is a carbon-free fuel that emits no carbon dioxide during combustion. Ammonia co-firing in coal-fired power plants is emerging as a transitional technology for carbon neutrality. Under the ammonia co-firing condition, the plant efficiency is affected by changes in the heat transfer mechanism to the steam cycle. Especially, the energy required for ammonia vaporization reduces plant efficiency. To evaluate these challenges, a process simulation model was developed for the 870 MWe supercritical power plant, integrating the boiler, turbine cycle, and flue gas treatment systems. Various heat recovery methods for ammonia vaporization were assessed, including flue gas sensible heat, steam sensible heat, and combinations of seawater with flue gas or steam. When seawater is utilized, it supplies most of the energy required for ammonia vaporization, thereby minimizing efficiency losses. In particular, the integration of seawater with flue gas reduces efficiency losses to nearly 0%, depending on the vaporizer installation location. Therefore, this method is considered the most efficient heat recovery method for ammonia vaporization in terms of overall plant performance. These findings provide practical insights into the utilization of ammonia co-firing, which can improve plant performance and reduce carbon emissions.