또래와 함께 그림책 읽기에 따른 유아의 친사회적 선택: 협동과 경쟁 읽기에서의 자원공유 의도
Children’s prosocial choices after buddy reading: Intention to share resources in cooperative and competitive reading
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본 연구는 만 4세 유아가 글 없는 그림책을 또래와 함께 읽는 맥락에 따라 친사회적 선택의 정도가 달라지는지 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 서울, 경기 및 인천 지역에 소재하는 어린이집과 유치원 6곳에서 유아 115명을 협동, 경쟁, 혼자 읽기 집단에 무선할당하여 그림책을 읽도록 하였고, 자원할당 과제를 실시함으로써 친사회적 선택을 측정하였다. 실험결과, 그림책을 읽는 맥락과 자원공유의 조건에 따라 유아의 친사회적 선택이 다르게 나타났다. 그림책을 또래와 협동하며 읽었을 때 경쟁·혼자 읽기 맥락에 비해 친사회적 선택의 빈도가 더 높았다. 특히, 상대방에게 자원을 공유하기 위한 비용이 없는 조건일 때 협동 맥락에서 읽은 유아는 경쟁 맥락일 때보다 친사회적인 선택을 더 많이 한 것으로 나타났다. 그림책을 협동하며 읽었을 때 자원공유의 모든 조건에서 상대방이 자원을 많이 갖게 하는 친사회적 선택을 더 빈번하게 하였다. 본 연구는 또래와 함께 읽기가 유아의 친사회성에 미치는 영향에 대한 시사점을 제공하며, 또래와 경쟁할 때보다 협동하여 그림책을 읽을 때 친사회적 선택을 더 많이 함을 보여준다. 이를 토대로 유아교육기관에서 협동 맥락 조성을 통해 유아의 친사회적 행동의 증진을 돕는 활동을 계획하고 실행할 것을 제안한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to find out whether four-year-old children differ in their prosocial choices when reading wordless picture books with their peers in different peer interaction conditions. Random assignments of cooperation, competition, or solitary condition were ascribed to six daycare centers and kindergartens located in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Incheon. Analysis was performed on the responses from 115 children’s prosocial choices after reading picture book. As a result of the experiment, children’s prosocial choices exhibited difference according to the context of reading picture book and resource sharing conditions. When reading a picture book in cooperation with peers, the frequency of prosocial choices was higher than those of the competition and solitary conditions. In particular, it was found that children who read in a cooperative context made more prosocial choices than in a competitive context, as there was no cost to share resources with the counterpart. When reading in a cooperative context sharing resources, prosocial choices that allowed a high amount of resources to the buddy were more frequently made under all conditions. This study provides implications of the influence of buddy reading on the prosociality of young children, and shows that more prosocial choices are made when reading picture books in cooperation than competition contexts. Based on this, it is proposed to plan and implement activities to promote prosocial behaviors of children at educational institutions or at home by promoting a cooperative context.
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