유아교육 학제의 세계 동향 분석
A Study on the Discussions of Early Childhood EducationSystem Reform Trends in OECD Countries
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참고문헌
초록
21세기에 들어서면서 세계 여러 나라들은 미래사회에 대비한 교육을 실천하기 위해 교육개혁을 추진 중에 있으며, 특히 유아교육의 중요성에 대한 인식이 강조되면서, 세계 여러 선진국들은 이미 유아교육을 포함한 학제강화 방안을 계획, 추진 중에 있다. 본 연구에서는 교육 내․외적인 상황의 급속한 변화에 부합하는 학제 개편안에 대한 논의의 맥락에서 2000년대 전․후를 중심으로 세계 경제 선진국들의 유아 및 초등과 관련한 전체 학제 현황 및 취원(학)율, 교육정책을 분석하여 우리나라 유아교육 학제 개편에의 시사점을 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 분석된 내용은 첫째, 세계 경제 선진국들의 유아학교 시작 연령은 3세, 초등교육의 시작 연령은 6세가 대부분이었다. 둘째, 세계 경제 선진국들은 국가 혹은 지자체가 주도적으로 교육의 보편성과 수월성 확보를 통해 유아교육을 강화하고자 하는 노력에 집중하고 있었다. 셋째, 세계 경제 선진국들은 교육 프로그램의 수준, 교사의 자격 기준 강화 등 교육의 질적 수준에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 다양한 변인들을 고려, 양질의 유아교육 체제를 구축하고자 하는 노력을 하고 있었다.
Abstract
Children who attend high-quality early childhood programs gain experiences that can dramatically change their lives for the better. This Study analyzes the trends in early childhood education reform and the changing the early childhood education policies of advanced OECD countries. Countries that want to build and maintain strong economic structures need an early education structure that is state-supported, accountable for high standards, sufficiently funded to include all children (3, 4 year olds) and comparable to the systems of other high-achieving industrialized nations. Children who attend high-quality early childhood programs gain experiences that can dramatically change their lives for the better. This study analyzes the trends in early childhood education reform and the changing early childhood education policies of advanced OECD countries. To promote high-quality, universal early childhood education, this study suggests there is a need to require and enforce standards for all programs and thus to raise the quality of teachings. Efforts to provide high-quality education programs include first, implementing and managing high quality standards for a universal curriculum and instructional practices, second, employing multiple assessments in the administration of programs and, finally, providing resources sufficient to attend the needs of all children. The study concludes that it is time for South Korea to join other advanced countries in the OECD by extending and safeguarding high quality educational opportunities to all children age 3 and up.
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