본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

납의 제련 및 리사이클링 현황

Current Status of Lead Smelting and Recycling

2

조회

0

다운로드

3

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류자원공학

초록

납은 현대산업에서 범용적으로 사용되는 비철금속이다. 전세계의 납 생산량은 1970년대의 약 500만 톤에서 점차 증가하여 2010 년대에는 1,100만 톤까지 이르렀다. 특히 납은 품질의 저하없이 100 % 리사이클링할 수 있는 금속으로, 납 스크랩을 리사이클링하면 1차 지금 생산과 비교하여 에너지 및 환경부하를 현저하게 저감할 수 있다. 이러한 이유로 전세계 납 사용량의 약 60 %는 리사이클링으로부터 공급되고 있다. 주로 납축전지인 납 스크랩은 1차 제련소나 2차제련소에서 정련하고 있다. 대부분의 2차 제련은용광로와 같은 샤프트로, 회전로, 그리고 반사로에서 이루어 지고 있다. 2차 제련에서 생산된 조연은 잉곳으로 주조하거나 케틀로에서 재용해하여 정제를 하지만, 용융상태의 조연에서 곧바로 정련을 하기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 납의 1차지금 생산 및 리사이클링 공정에 대해 고찰하였다.

Abstract

Lead is one of the common non-ferrous metals used in modern industry. The usage of lead continues to increase and has risen from 5 million tonnes per year worldwide in the 1970s to 11 million tonnes in the 2010s. In principle lead is virtually 100 % recyclable as an element without loss of quality. The recycling of lead scrap reduces the energy consumption and environmental burden, comparing to the primary metal production. Therefore production of secondary lead from scrap has been steadily growing and at present it meets approximately 60 % of usage worldwide. Lead scrap (mainly lead-acid battery) is smelted in primary and secondary smelter. Most secondary lead smelting were performed in a shaft-type furnace (blast furnace), rotary furnace and reverberatory furnace. The lead bullion is either cast into ingots and re-melted in refining kettles or refining is performed on the hot lead bullion immediately after production. This work provides an overview of the primary lead production and recycling process.

참고문헌 (30)

  1. Mikhail Boldyrev, "Lead: properties, history, and applications", WikiJournal of Science, 1(2), pp.1~23 (2018)
  2. Somobrata Acharya, "Lead between the lines", Nature Chemistry, 5(10), pp.894~ (2013)
  3. Sohn, Hosang, "Engineering of Resources Recycling", pp.14~ (2019), KNU Press
  4. Report on the Environmental Benefits of Recycling, "Sue Grimes", Bureau of International Recycling, 19~ (2008)
  5. Hong, S., "Greenland ice evidence of hemispheric lead pollution two millennia ago by Greek and Roman Civilizations", Science, 265(9), pp.1841~1843 (1994)
  6. "International Lead Association"[URL]
  7. "International Lead and Zinc Study Group"[URL]
  8. 박형규, "국내 범용 비철금속 스크랩의 리싸이클링 현황", 자원리싸이클링, 24(5), pp.72~79 (2015), 한국자원리싸이클링학회[DOI]
  9. Historical global statistics for mineral and material commodities (2015 version), "Matos, G. R.", U.S. Geological Survey, ~, pp.U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 896 (2015)
  10. Report on Best Available Techniques (BAT) in German Zinc and Lead Production, "O. Rentz", DFIU, 19~ (1999)
  11. Iain Thornton, "LEAD the facts", pp.68~ (2001), IC Consultants Ltd
  12. Stephen Hughes, "Ausmelt Technology for Lead and Zinc Processing", Conference Proceedings Lead and Zinc 2008, pp.147~162 (2008), South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (SAIMM)
  13. K. Sahu, , pp.57~70 (2008), Jamshedpur
  14. Lee, Yong-Hack, "Behavior of Lead and Impurities in QSL Lead Smelting", J. of the Korean I nst. o f Met. & Mater., 33(11), pp.1438~1444 (1995)
  15. Sohn, Hosang, "Engineering of Resources Recycling", pp.170~ (2019), KNU Press
  16. Sohn, Hosang, "Engineering of Resources Recycling", pp.154~ (2019), KNU Press
  17. John M. Floyd, "Top Submergable Lance", U.S. Patent 5,308,043, ~ (1994)
  18. Kiran B. Chaudhuri, "The technical-scale realization of the Kivcet Process for lead", CIM BUlletin, 80(5), pp.146~150 (1980)
  19. Wei Gao, "Situation and Technology Progress of Lead Smelting in China", Advanced Materials Research, 581-582, pp.904~911 (2012)
  20. "Recycling Used Lead Acid Batteries, Practical Action, The Schumacher Centre for Technology and Development, Bourton on Dunsmore" (2009)[URL]
  21. Masao Hirano, "Lead Recycling", Shigen-to-Sozai, 113(12), pp.972~975 (1997)
  22. Toshio Oishi, "Processes for Recovering Lead", Materia Japan, 35(12), pp.1303~1306 (1996)
  23. Acid Battery Recycling and The New Isamelt Process, "Lead", pp.1992, K. Ramus
  24. A. D. Besser, "Processing of Spent Lead Acid Batteries – A Basis for Lead Recycling", Sohn International Symposium Advanced Processing of Metals and Materials Volume 5 - New, Improved and Existing Technologies: Iron and Steel and Recycling and Waste Treatment, pp.291~298 (2006), TMS
  25. Massimo Maccagni, "The Integrated CX Process: The History of Lead-Acid Battery Recycling", Proceeding of 18th International Lead Conference, pp.145~154 (2013)
  26. T. Azakami, "Extractive Metallurgy", pp.89~ (1999), JIM
  27. Sohn, Hosang, "Engineering of Resources Recycling", pp.171~191 (2019), KNU Press
  28. 김세종, "熔融 Bi-Pb-Sb系 合金의 酸化에 의한 Sb과 Pb 除去", 자원리싸이클링, 21(4), pp.53~59 (2012), 한국자원리싸이클링학회
  29. Olper M., "Hydrometallurgical process for recovering in pure metal form all the lead contained in the active mass of exhausted batteries", US patent 4,927,510, ~ (1990)
  30. Massimo Maccagni, "New Approaches on Non Ferrous Metals Electrolysis", Chemical Engineering Trans, 41, pp.61~66 (2014)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (7건)