공간능력과 공간검사 문제풀이 방략 사용의 성차
Gender Differences in Spatial Ability and Using Strategies for Solving Spatial Problems
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초록
본 연구에서는 공간능력의 성차와 공간검사 문제풀이 과정에서 사용하는 방략의 성별 차이를 확인하기 위해 5가지의 유형의 공간과제(도형완성, 부분찾기, 3차원 심상회전, 2차원 심상회전, 전개도 접기)와 문항별 방략 선택지를 제시하여 공간과제 문제풀이 및 이 과정에서 나타나는 방략 사용에 대한 반응을 수집하였다. 대학생 및 대학원생 1063명으로부터 수집한 자료를 분석한 결과, 공간검사 총점에서는 유의한 성차가 나타나지 않았으나 3차원 심상회전 과제에서 남자가 여자에 비해 평균 검사점수가 높게 나타났고, 공간검사의 각 과제유형별 문제풀이 방략의 사용은 각 과제유형별로 양상이 조금씩 다르게 나타났다. 2차원 심상회전과 전개도접기 문제풀이에서는 여자가 남자에 비해 총체적 방략을 더 많이 사용하였고, 도형완성에서는 여자가 남자보다 분석적 방략을 더 많이 사용하였다. 3차원 심상회전에서는 여자가 남자보다 통합적 방략을 더 많이 사용하였으며, 모든 과제에서 남자는 여자에 비해 한눈에 보고 답을 찾는 방법을 더 많이 사용한 것으로 나타났다. 공간능력을 측정하는 검사에서 문제풀이 방략이 각 과제유형별로 성별에 따라 다르게 나타난 결과는 이제까지 공간능력 검사에서 나타난 성차의 원인을 파악하는데 중요한 단서를 제공할 것이다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences in spatial ability and in the types of strategies used in solving spatial tasks. To accomplish this, a measure was constructed which included a spatial ability test with five different problem types: picture completion, embedded pieces, 3-D mental rotation, 2-D mental rotation, and form development. Each item was followed by a question that asked subjects to select which among the following five strategies they employed: holistic, analytic, combined, intuitional, and other. A total of 1063 participants consisting of undergraduate and graduate students completed the test. Results showed men performed better in one out of five of the problem types. Gender differences were also found in the use of strategies for each problem category: In 2-D and form development types, women used more holistic strategies than men. In picture completion tasks, women relied more heavily on an analytic strategy. In 3-D mental rotation, women used more holistic approach than men, and men used the intuitional strategy more frequently than women. The gender differences found in the use of strategies for solving different problems provides important clues for identifying causes of the gender differences described in previous research in the studies of spatial ability. In addition, we found that certain strategies were more frequently used in certain types of problems. These findings suggest new possibilities for strategy training intended to enhance spatial ability in educational settings.
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