본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

불안정 애착과 심리적 고통의 관계에서 완벽주의와 자존감의 매개효과: 성차 검증

Mediating Effects of Perfectionism and Self-esteem between Insecure Attachment and Psychological Distress: Testing Gender Differences

0

조회

0

다운로드

17

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

초록

본 연구에서는 이론 및 선행 연구에 근거하여 불안정 애착과 심리적 고통의 관계에서 완벽주의와 자존감의 매개효과를 검증하고, 구조 모형에서 남녀 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 대학생 226명(여학생 138명, 남학생 88명)이 연구에 참여하였으며 AMOS 7.0 프로그램을 사용하여 모형 검증을 실시하였다. 전체 집단을 대상으로 모형 검증을 실시한 결과, 불안정 애착이 심리적 고통에 미치는 직접적인 영향을 같이 고려한 부분매개모형이 직접적인 영향을 배제한 완전매개모형보다 더 우수한 모형으로 나타났다. 구조 모형에 대한 성차를 검증하기 위해 다집단 분석(multi-group analysis)을 실시하였으나, 형태동일성 검증 단계에서 여학생과 남학생에 대한 구조 모형이 다른 것으로 나타났다. 여학생의 경우 부분매개모형이 자료를 더 잘 설명하였으며, 남학생의 경우 완전매개모형이 더 우수한 모형으로 나타났다. 따라서 각각의 모형에 대한 경로계수를 탐색하였으며, 여학생 집단의 경우 불안정 애착이 모형의 다른 변인들에 미치는 영향이 강한 반면, 남학생 집단에서는 이러한 영향이 상대적으로 약한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과의 이론적 함의를 논의하였으며, 심리적 개입에 있어서 성차를 고려한 함의점을 제안하였다.

Abstract

This study aimed at testing mediating effects of maladaptive perfectionism and self-esteem in the link between insecure attachment and psychological distress. Another purpose of the study was to examine if the mediational model would differ by gender. Data were collected from 226 college students across two universities (138 females and 88 males). The results from structural equation modeling concerning all participants preferred a partially-mediated model (i.e., a direct effect from insecure attachment to psychological distress along with mediation effects) over a fully-mediated model. A multi-group analysis was conducted to test gender differences for the final structure model. However, at the configural invariance level, it was found that females and males differ in the structure model; a partially-mediated model fit better for the female data, whereas a fully-mediated model explained the male data better. The examination of the path coefficients suggested that the influence of insecure attachment over the other study variables deemed stronger for the female students. The study results were discussed in light of existing theories and previous findings. Implications for considering gender as a significant variable in the treatment interventions were suggested.

참고문헌 (60)

  1. 김광은, "성인 애착 유형과 요인에 따른 성격 특성 및 스트레스 대처방식", 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 16(1), pp.53~69 (2004), 한국상담심리학회
  2. 김광일, "간이정신진단검사 실시 요강" (1984), 중앙적성출판사
  3. 김민선, "평가염려 완벽주의와 심리적 고통의 관계: 정서중심 대처와 지각된 효능감의 매개효과", 한국심리학회지:여성, 14(3), pp.427~446 (2009), 한국여성심리학회
  4. 김선희, "애착유형에 따른 심리적 특성: 인지적 변인을 중심으로", 한국심리학회지: 임상, 20(1), pp.105~119 (2001)
  5. 김현정, "대학생의 완벽주의와 자아존중감 및 우울, 주관적 안녕감 간의 관계", 한국심리학회지: 건강, 11(2), pp.345~361 (2006), 한국건강심리학회
  6. 이동귀, "대처양식 집단에 따른 꾸물거림 및 정신건강의 차이", 한국심리학회지: 사회및성격, 23(2), pp.43~57 (2009), 한국사회및성격심리학회
  7. 이동귀, "Validation of the Korean Version of the Locus of Evaluation Inventory", 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 20(1), pp.65~82 (2008), 한국상담심리학회
  8. 이시은, "성인애착과 정서조절 양식의 관계에 대한 자아존중감의 중재효과", 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 21(4), pp.897~914 (2009), 한국상담심리학회
  9. 장애경, "대학생의 성인애착과 우울수준에 대한 부적응적 완벽주의의 매개효과 검증", 석사, pp.2006
  10. 전병재, "Self-esteem: A test of its measurability", 연세논총, 11, pp.109~129 (1974)
  11. 정민형, "애착유형, 스트레스 대처방식과 대인불안의 관계", 석사, pp.2003
  12. 정태연, "성인기 애착특성과 낭만적 사랑 및 성격특성과의 관계: 성차를 중심으로", 한국심리학회지: 여성, 5(2), pp.85~102 (2000)
  13. 하은혜, "청소년기 우울 및 불안증상 공존집단의 심리사회적 위험요인", 한국심리학회지:일반, 22(2), pp.127~144 (2003), 한국심리학회
  14. 한기연, "다차원적 완벽성: 개념, 측정 및 부적응", 박사, pp.1993
  15. 홍기원, "대학생들의 자존감 구성요인에 있어서 문화적, 성차의 효과", 한국심리학회지:여성, 13(3), pp.237~261 (2008), 한국여성심리학회
  16. 홍세희, "구조 방정식 모형의 적합도 지수 선정기준과 그 근거", 한국심리학회지: 임상, 19(1), pp.161~177 (2000)
  17. Alden, L. E., "Perfectionism in an interpersonal context: A self-regulation analysis of dysphoria and social anxiety", Cognitive Therapy and Research, 18, pp.297~316 (1994)
  18. Andersson, P., "Attachment styles and dysfunctional assumptions in adults", Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 7, pp.47~53 (2000)
  19. Bartholomew, K., "Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, pp.226~244 (1991)
  20. Blankstein, K. R., "Evaluative concerns, self-critical, and personal standards perfectionism: A structural equation modeling strategy, In Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment", pp.285~315 (2002), American Psychological Association
  21. Blatt, S. J., "The destructiveness of perfectionism: Implications for the treatment of depression", American Psychologist, 50, pp.1003~1020 (1995)
  22. Bourdon, K. H., "Gender differences in phobias: Results of the ECA community survey", Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2, pp.227~241 (1988)
  23. Bowlby, J., "Attachment and loss" (1969), Basic Books
  24. Bowlby, J., "Attachment and loss" (1973), Basic Books
  25. Bowlby, J., "A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development" (1988), Basic Books
  26. Brennan, K. A., "Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview, In Attachment theory and close relationships", pp.46~76 (1998), Guilford Press
  27. Collins, N. L., "Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, pp.644~663 (1990)
  28. Corwyn, R. F., "The factor structure of global self-esteem among adolescents and adults", Journal of Research in Personality, 34, pp.357~379 (2000)
  29. Derogatis, L. R., "The Brief Symptom Inventory: Administration, scoring, and procedures (manual I)" (1982), Clinical Psychometrics Research
  30. Enns, M. W., "The nature and assessment of perfectionism: A critical analysis, In Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment", pp.33~62 (2002), American Psychological Association
  31. Flett, G. L., "Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment" (2002), American Psychological Association
  32. Flett, G. L., "Perfectionism and components of state and trait anxiety", Current Psychology, 13, pp.326~350 (1995)
  33. Fonagy, P., "Attachment, the reflective self, and borderline states, In Attachment theory: Social, developmental, and clinical perspectives", pp.233~278 (1995), Analytic Press
  34. Gentile, B., "Gender differences in domain-specific self-esteem: A meta-analysis", Review of General Psychology, 13, pp.34~45 (2009)
  35. Gilligan, C., "In a different voice: Psychological theory and women's development" (1982), Harvard University Press
  36. Griffin, D. W., "The metaphysics of measurement: The case of adult attachment, In Advances in personal relationships, : Attachment process in adulthood", pp.17~52 (1994), Jessica Kingsley
  37. Hamachek, D. E., "Psychodynamics of normal and neurotic perfectionism", Psychology, 15, pp.27~33 (1978)
  38. Hazan, C., "Conceptualizing romantic love as an attachment process", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, pp.511~524 (1987)
  39. Hewitt, P. L., "Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: Conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychology", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, pp.456~470 (1991)
  40. Hewitt, P. L., "Dimensions of perfectionism, daily stress, and depression: A test of the specific vulnerability hypothesis", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, pp.58~65 (1993)
  41. Holmbeck, G. N., "Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: Examples from the child-clinical and pediatric psychology literatures", Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, pp.599~610 (1997)
  42. Hong, S., "Testing configural, metric, scalar, and latent mean invariance across gender in sociotropy and autonomy using non-western sample", Educational and Psychological Measurement, 63, pp.636~654 (2003)
  43. Hu, L. T., "Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives", Structural Equation Modeling, 6, pp.1~55 (1999)
  44. Joiner, Jr. T. E., "Dimensions of perfectionism, life stress, and depressed and anxious symptoms: Prospective support for diathesis-stress but not specific vulnerability among male undergraduates", Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 14, pp.165~183 (1995)
  45. Kirkpatrick, L. A., "Attachment style, gender, and relationship stability: A longitudinal analysis", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, pp.502~512 (1994)
  46. Kurdek, L. A., "On being insecure about the assessment of attachment style", Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 19, pp.811~834 (2002)
  47. Lopez, F., "Dynamic processes underlying adult attachment organization: Toward an attachment theoretical perspective on the healthy and effective self", Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47, pp.283~300 (2000)
  48. Lopez, F. G., "Adult attachment orientations and college student distress: Test of a mediational model", Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49, pp.460~467 (2002)
  49. Piccinelli, M., "Gender differences in depression", The British Journal of Psychiatry, 177, pp.486~492 (2000)
  50. Rice, K. G., "Self-esteem as a mediator between perfectionism and depression: A structural equation analysis", Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45, pp.304~314 (1998)
  51. Rice, K. G., "Perfectionism, attachment, and adjustment", Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47, pp.238~250 (2000)
  52. Roberts, J. E., "Adult attachment security and symptoms of depression: The mediating roles of dysfunctional attitudes and low self-esteem", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, pp.310~320 (1996)
  53. Rogers, C. R., "On becoming a person" (1961), Houghton Mifflin
  54. Rosenberg, M., "Society and the adolescent self-image" (1965), Princeton University Press
  55. Russell, D. W., "Analyzing data from experimental studies: A latent variable structural equation modeling approach", Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45, pp.18~29 (1998)
  56. Skolnick, A., "Early attachment and personal relationships across the life course", Life Span Development and Behavior, 7, pp.173~206 (1986)
  57. Sorotzkin, B., "Understanding and treating perfectionism in religious adolescents", Psychotherapy, 35, pp.87~95 (1998)
  58. Wei, M., "Maladaptive perfectionism and ineffective coping as mediators between attachment and future depression: A prospective analysis", Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, pp.67~79 (2006)
  59. Wei, M., "Maladaptive perfectionism as a mediator and moderator between adult attachment and depressive mood", Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51, pp.201~212 (2004)
  60. West, S. G., "Structural equation models with nonnormal variables: Problems and remedies, In Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications", pp.56~75 (1995), Sage

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (10건)