직장 내 성차별 경험, 정당한 세상에 대한 믿음, 우울에 대한 연구: 척도 개발 및 매개효과 분석
The experience of sexism in the workplace, belief in a just world, and depression: Scale development and mediating effect analysis
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초록
본 연구에서는 최근 해외의 다문화심리 및 상담 문헌에서 주목받고 있는 마이크로어그레션(microaggression) 개념을 도입하여 1) 취업 여성의 직장 내 성차별 경험을 측정하는 “직장 내 성차별경험 척도(Microaggression against Women Scale in the Workplace; MAWS)”를 개발 및 타당화하고 2) 정당한 세상에 대한 개인적인 믿음(Belief in a Just World-self; BJW-self)이 성차별경험과 우울간의 관계를 매개하는지 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 연구 1에서는 설문지와 초점집단인터뷰를 실시하고 그 결과를 토대로 MAWS의 예비문항을 제작하고 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 다음으로 연구 2에서는 확인적 요인분석을 실시하였고 그 결과 연구 1에서 도출된 1요인과 12문항이 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 MAWS의 수렴 및 준거관련 타당도를 살펴보기 위하여 성차별경험을 측정하는 기존의 척도, 화병 척도, 우울 척도와의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 마지막으로 연구 3에서는 BJW-self가 직장 내 성차별 경험과 우울간의 관계를 매개하는지 살펴보았고 그 결과 BJW-self의 부분매개효과가 확인되었다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 상담에서의 MAWS의 활용 방안과 BJW-self에 대한 개입을 논의하였다.
Abstract
Applying the concept of microaggression (widely used in multicultural psychology and counseling literature), the purpose of this study was to 1) develop and validate the Microaggression against Women Scale in the Workplace (MAWS) and 2) test whether a belief in a just world-self (BJW-self) would mediate the relationship between sexism experience in the workplace and depression. In study 1, based on the results of surveys and focus groups, we developed items for MAWS and conducted the exploratory factor analysis. Study 2 tested the construct validity through confirmatory factor analysis, and the results confirmed the 1-factor structure identified via exploratory factor analysis. Convergent and concurrent validities were also examined via correlations with measures of sexism experience, Hwa-byung, and depression. Lastly, study 3 suggested that BJW-self partially mediated the association between sexism experience and depression. We discussed ways to use MAWS and interventions related to BJW-self in clinical settings.
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