디지털시대 여성의 몸, 자기대상화와 사회참여
Women’s bodies on digital display, self-objectification and social activism
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자기대상화(self-objectification)는 한 개인이 자신을 인간으로서 전반적 시각으로 보지 않고, 자신의 신체 일부(예: 얼굴, 가슴)에만 초점을 맞추어 관찰자의 관점에서 자신을 활용되는 대상으로 바라보는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 디지털시대 여성의 자기대상화, 외모 신념, 성불평등 시스템의 합리화경향 및 사회참여의 관계를 검증하고자 한다. 연구 1(N=76)에서는 여성의 자기대상화, 외모 신념, 시스템 합리화경향 및 사회참여 의향에 관한 연구참가자의 자료를 자기보고식 질문지를 통해 수집하였다. 연구 2 (N =77)에서는 작문과제를 통해 불특정 다수의 청중이 있는 온라인 상황 또는 청중이 없는 상황에서 여성의 자기대상화를 유도한 후, 여성의 자기 대상화, 외모신념, 시스템 합리화경향 및 사회참여의향에서 차이가 나타나는지를 비교하였다. 그 결과 연구 1에서는 자기대상화가 높을수록 여성이 능력보다 외모를 중요시하는 태도가 강하게 나타났으며, 외모신념이 강할수록 성 불평등과 연관된 시스템 합리화경향이 낮게 나타났다. 또한 시스템 합리화경향이 증가할수록 사회참여의향이 낮았다. 연구 2에서는 청중이 있는 온라인 상황에서 참가자의 자기대상화 및 시스템합리화경향이 청중이 없는 상황이나 통제조건보다 더 높게 나타났다. 또한 자기대상화와 시스템합리화경향은 사회참여에 유의한 영향을 끼쳤다. 이 결과는 디지털 기술이 여성의 자기대상화, 외모신념과 시스템합리화를 더 증가시키며, 여성의 사회참여를 지속적으로 감소시킬 가능성을 시사한다.
Abstract
Women often are valued in terms of sexual and physical attractiveness. Such objectifying content is pervasive in social media. Being objectified may lead individuals to “self-objectify”, meaning they treat themselves as objects. This study aimed to investigate whether there are significant relationships between self-objectification in social media, system justification, and social engagement of women. Study 1 (N=76) tested the question whether self-objectification is associated with gender specific system justification and social engagement. According to the results, higher tendency of self-objectification was negatively correlated with social engagement of female students. In Study 2 (N=74), female students had to write an essay while portraying themselves wearing a swimming suit to others on social network sites to induce the state of self-objectification in the two experimental condition (audience: online audience vs. no audience). According to the results, the scores of self-objectification and system justification were higher in the experimental condition than those in the control condition. In addition, there was less engagement in gender-based social activism in the experimental condition than in the control condition. These findings implicated that women’s online self-portrayal may lead to increasing self-objectification and system-justifying behavior that disrupts women’s gender-based social activity.
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