한국 불교계 삼보사찰의 성립과 지정

Abstract

his paper aims to explore analyzing the Three Temples(or Temples of the Three Jewels), Buddha Sakyamuni:Tong-Do-Sa, Dhamma Dhaima:HaeinSa, Songha: SonggwangSa. Tongdosa in Yangsan is one of Jeokmyel-bogungs (the Sacred Buddha Relic Temples) and enshrines Jinsin-saris (sacred relics of the Buddha) which symbolize the Buddha-Dharma. In the mid 7th century, Ven. Jajang Sunim (A.D. 590~ 658), one of Korea’s greatest masters received relics of the Buddha from Munsubosal (Manjusri Bodhisattva) and brought them with him to Silla. He divided them into three portions and placed one each at Hwangryongsa, Taehwasa in Wulsan, and Tongdosa. He enshrined the relics in Geumgang-gyedan (Diamond Alter), the Main Dharma Hall . Thus, Tongdosa became the ‘Buddha Jewel’. Haeinsa in Hapcheon is also called ‘the Dharma Jewel’ because it houses the wooden printing blocks of the Tripitaka Koreana (complete Buddhist scriptures of the Koryo Dynasty). The Haeinsa-jangkyoungpan-jeon (Tripitaka Koreana Hall of Haeinsa) houses the collection and is one of the most precious one on siteThe Eighty-Thousand Tripitaka was first placed in Ganghwa Island's Seonwonsa, then moved to Jicheonsa outside of Seodaemun in Seoul in the 7th year of King Taejo's reign (1398) during the Joseon Dynasty. It was again moved to Haeinsa Daejanggy eongpanjeon. The Songgwang temple developed after Jinul had established an integration movement of Buddhism in the middle Goryeo Dynasty. Then, Jinul’s disciples such as Hyesim enhanced the spirit of the movement as a chief leader, and the sixteen master monks including Jinul’s disciples led the Buddhist circle in the late Goryeo Dynasty. A chief monk of the Songgwang temple in the early Joseon Dynasty, Gobong Beopjang was not designated as a national monk, because the system of a king’s adviser and a national monk had been abolished. It is thought that the sixteen chief monks at the Songgwang temple have been cherished as national monks in the ‘Ship-youk-guk-sa-jin-young-gi (十六國師眞影記)’ written in 1621 during the middle Joseon Dynasty by Daega Heeok (代價希玉), Byeokam Gakseong’s fellow disciple. Naong and Muhak in the late Goryeo Dynasty were also esteemed as high priests comparable to the sixteen national monks and designated as among the eighteen chief monks of the Songgwang temple. This is described in the ‘Seung-pyung-jo-gye-san-song-gwang-sa-sa-won-sa-jeok-bi (昇平曹溪山松廣寺嗣院事蹟碑)’ written by Jo Jong-jeo (趙宗著, 1631-1690) who tried to find the identity of the Songgwang temple. Temples of the Three Jewels an be found in the ‘Yeon-cheon-ong-you-san-rok (淵泉翁遊山錄)’ written in 1832 (the eighth year of King Soonjo) by Hong Seok-ju (洪奭周, 1774-1842), a writer in the late Joseon Dyansty. Sambo means the three jewels of Buddhism and refers to Bulbo (the Buddha Jewel), Beobbo (the Dharma Jewel) and Seungbo (the Seungga Jewel, the Sangha Jewel). Bulbo represents the Buddha who teaches and guides all sentient beings. Beobbo is the Dharma, the teachings of the Buddha. Seungbo represents the Seunga (Sangha, the Buddhist community), the group of followers who learn the teachings of the Buddha and practice. In Korea, Temples of the Three Jewels are Tongdosa, Haeinsa and Songgwangsa. They are called ‘the Three Temples’.