사실혼관계의 해소를 조건으로 한 인공수정의 법률관계 ―대상판례: 서울가정법원 2011.6.22. 선고 2009드합13538 판결―
A Study of Human Assisted Reproduction under the promise of terminating de facto Marriage ―Seoul Family Court Decision 2009Dehap13538 Delivered on June 22, 2011―
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Seoul Family Court recently hold that human assisted reproduction under the promise of terminating de facto marriage is generally deemed as AIH. Thus, plaintiffs won some claims, for example child's relationship with its father, child support. This case might to be the leading case, providing some solutions as well as new questions regarding alternative reproduction during de facto marriage. First, parentage relationship should be decided by the standard of child's welfare, though it is possible and legitimate to make artificial insemination during de facto marriage or under the promise to terminate de facto marriage. Second, termination period of de facto marriage must be decided differently case by case. For example, Termination of de facto marriage by mutual agreement is similar to the time to divorce by mutual agreement, while those period is considerable lengthened so long to protect the victim in case of the unilaterally breach de facto marriage. Third, immunity promise about the recognition and support of child absolutely should be unenforceable as against child's best benefit. Fourth, there are two tests of differentiation between AID and AIH. Those are specificity and the existence of consent of sperm donor in the process of artificial reproduction. De facto marriage could be transformed to legal marriage so that child born under artificial insemination could take legitimation. Fifth, some agreement relevant family law might to be void against public policy. Legislator of civil law could not think about legal problems regarding the artificial insemination which is introduced by development of technology and science so that there is few applicable law. Nevertheless, we can't avoid to judge the new legal issues because of gaps in law. We need to try to approach optimal conclusion by way of the resonable interpretation and the balance between best benefit of child and the private autonomy of the parties.
Abstract
Seoul Family Court recently hold that human assisted reproduction under the promise of terminating de facto marriage is generally deemed as AIH. Thus, plaintiffs won some claims, for example child's relationship with its father, child support. This case might to be the leading case, providing some solutions as well as new questions regarding alternative reproduction during de facto marriage. First, parentage relationship should be decided by the standard of child's welfare, though it is possible and legitimate to make artificial insemination during de facto marriage or under the promise to terminate de facto marriage. Second, termination period of de facto marriage must be decided differently case by case. For example, Termination of de facto marriage by mutual agreement is similar to the time to divorce by mutual agreement, while those period is considerable lengthened so long to protect the victim in case of the unilaterally breach de facto marriage. Third, immunity promise about the recognition and support of child absolutely should be unenforceable as against child's best benefit. Fourth, there are two tests of differentiation between AID and AIH. Those are specificity and the existence of consent of sperm donor in the process of artificial reproduction. De facto marriage could be transformed to legal marriage so that child born under artificial insemination could take legitimation. Fifth, some agreement relevant family law might to be void against public policy. Legislator of civil law could not think about legal problems regarding the artificial insemination which is introduced by development of technology and science so that there is few applicable law. Nevertheless, we can't avoid to judge the new legal issues because of gaps in law. We need to try to approach optimal conclusion by way of the resonable interpretation and the balance between best benefit of child and the private autonomy of the parties.
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