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근로자의 뇌심혈관계 질환 예방을 위한 중재 연구의 분석적 고찰: 생태학적 모델을 기반으로

A Systematic Review of Interventions for Workers with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Using an Ecological Model

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초록

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 근로자의 뇌심혈관계 질환을 예방하고 관리하기 위한 중재연구들을 생태학적 모델에 근거하여 분석하고 최근의 연구 동향을 파악하여 향후 연구의 발전방향을 제시하는 것이다. 방법: 두 명의 연구자가 간호 및 보건관련 학회지와 검색된 문헌의 참고문헌에서 선정 기준에 따라 문헌을 검토하여 29개의 논문을 최종 선정하였다. 문헌분석 방법은Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 가이드라인을 따랐다. 결과: 최근에는 조직적 수준의 중재연구와 통합적 접근의 중재방법이 많이 이루어지고 있고, 2010년 이후 웹기반 연구의 등장이 특징적으로 나타났다. 신체적 변화에 초점을 맞춘 연구들이 주를 이루고 있어 상대적으로 사회심리적인 측면을 다룬 연구가 부족함을 알 수 있고, 이론을 바탕으로 한 연구 또한 부족함을 알 수 있었다. 결론: 인터넷 보급과 함께 핸드폰의 보급이 확산되면서 모바일 기반의 중재연구 방법이나, 사회심리적인 부분을 고려한 트라이 앵귤레이션과 같은 다양한 연구방법의 시도가 필요할 것이며, 중재 효과를 극대화하고, 간호과학의 발전을 위하여 이론을 기반으로 한 중재연구가 향후 더 활발히 이루어져야 할 것이다.

Abstract

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to review the research trends and to identify developmental direction of studies on community interventions according to the ecological model for workers with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk factors. Methods: Electronic databases including PsycINFO, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library and the reference lists of articles were searched. All articles were assessed in relation to inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in 29 researches being reviewed. Each review was critically appraised by two authors using a guideline of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses). Results: Nowadays, interventions in organizational level, integrated and web-based interventions are increasing to prevent CVD risk factors for workers. Even though the importance of psychosocial aspects to prevent CVD, the only 2 studies included psychosocial factors in the outcome variables. Also, 14% among 29 researches were based on theories. Conclusion: Psychosocial factors such as job stress, depression, and emotional labor could be CVD risk factors. Therefore, interventions including psychosocial aspects are needed to prevent workers’ CVD risks more effectively. Theory-based interventions are needed to support interventions’ effects and to develop the nursing science.

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