『미지의 땅』에 구현된 크리스토퍼 콜럼버스의 재조명을 위한 마리아 아이린 포네즈의 세 가지 전략 연구
A Study of Maria Irene Fornes’s Three Strategies for Reevaluating Christopher Columbus in Terra Incognita
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper aims at probing into Maria Irene Fornes’s three strategies for reevaluating Christopher Columbus, an Italian explorer and colonizer, in Terra Incognita. The first strategy is to induce readers/audiences to compare Columbus with Portuguese Prince Henry the Navigator by giving basic information on the Prince at the beginning of the play. The second strategy is to dramatize Columbus’s merits and demerits embodied by demented Burt. She dramatizes Columbus as a skillful sailor with his plentiful knowledge in earth science and his indomitable spirit, a scrupulous businessman who amassed great wealth due to the contact with the West Indies, and an incompetent administrator who misruled the West Indies in the process of colonization. The third strategy is to juxtapose Columbus with Steve’s quotation of Barolomé de las Casas’s History of the Indies to accuse the Spaniards’ atrocities and to expose indirectly the religious hypocrisy of Columbus known as a devout Catholic. His acquiescence in the atrocities against the indigenous people in the West Indies reveals that his avarice for money and gold was much greater than his faith to convert them to Catholocism. Therefore, Fornes succeeds in reevaluating Columbus as a skillful sailor, a scrupulous businessman, an incompetent administrator, and a hypocritical Catholic, connecting him with a Portuguese Prince Henry and a Spanish Las Casas.
Abstract
This paper aims at probing into Maria Irene Fornes’s three strategies for reevaluating Christopher Columbus, an Italian explorer and colonizer, in Terra Incognita. The first strategy is to induce readers/audiences to compare Columbus with Portuguese Prince Henry the Navigator by giving basic information on the Prince at the beginning of the play. The second strategy is to dramatize Columbus’s merits and demerits embodied by demented Burt. She dramatizes Columbus as a skillful sailor with his plentiful knowledge in earth science and his indomitable spirit, a scrupulous businessman who amassed great wealth due to the contact with the West Indies, and an incompetent administrator who misruled the West Indies in the process of colonization. The third strategy is to juxtapose Columbus with Steve’s quotation of Barolomé de las Casas’s History of the Indies to accuse the Spaniards’ atrocities and to expose indirectly the religious hypocrisy of Columbus known as a devout Catholic. His acquiescence in the atrocities against the indigenous people in the West Indies reveals that his avarice for money and gold was much greater than his faith to convert them to Catholocism. Therefore, Fornes succeeds in reevaluating Columbus as a skillful sailor, a scrupulous businessman, an incompetent administrator, and a hypocritical Catholic, connecting him with a Portuguese Prince Henry and a Spanish Las Casas.
참고문헌 (30)
- Adams, Simon, "Children’s Great Explorers Encyclopedia" (2008), Parragon
- Bader, Bonnie, "Who Was Christopher Columbus?" (2013), Grosset & Dunlap
- "Bartolomé de las Casas"[URL]
- Bushman, Claudia L., "America Discovers Columbus: How an Italian Explorer Became an American Hero" (1992), UP of New England
- "Christopher Columbus"[URL]
- Ciovacco, Justine, "The Encyclopedia of Explorers and Adventurers" (2003), Franklin Watts
- Coates, Timothy J, "Review of Prince Henry ‘the Navigator’: A Life", Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 32(2), pp.294~296 (2001)
- Cohen, J. M., "Christopher Columbus: The Four Voyages" (1992), Clays
- Cohn, Ruby, "Anglo-American Interplay in Recent Drama" (1995), Cambridge UP
- Cummings, Scott T., "Maria Irene Fornes" (2013), Routledge
- "Diego Columbus"[URL]
- Donovan, Bill M., "The Devastation of the Indies: A Brief Account", pp.1~25 (1992), The Johns Hopkins UP
- Fornes, Maria Irene, "Letters from Cuba and Other Plays", pp.35~82 (2007), PAJ Pub.
- Headley, John M., "Review of Prince Henry ‘the Navigator’: A Life", The Geographical Review, 91(3), pp.600~604 (2001)
- Merriam-Webster, "Webster’s New Explorer Desk Encyclopedia", pp.550~ (2003), Federal Street P
- Higgs, David, "Review of Prince Henry ‘The Navigator’: A Life", Canadian Journal of History, 37, pp.515~516 (2002)
- Hinckley, Clark B., "Christopher Columbus: A Man Among the Gentiles" (2014), Desert Book
- Keen, Benjamin, "The Life of Admiral Christopher Columbus", pp.21~68 (1992), The State U of Rutgers
- Kennedy, Alexander, "Columbus: Lies of a New World" (2017), CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform
- Loewen, James W., "Lies My Teacher Told Me About Christopher Columbus: What Your History Books Got Wrong" (2014), The New P
- Lunenfeld, Marvin, "Review of Prince Henry ‘the Navigator’: A Life", American Historical Review, 107(1), pp.285~286 (2002)
- Mclynn, Frank, "Now Voyager", New Statesman, 58~59 (2000)
- Pelta, Kathy, "Discovering Christopher Columbus: How History Is Invented" (1991), Lerner Publishing
- Philips, Jr., William D., "The Worlds of Christopher Columbus" (1992), Cambridge UP
- "Prince Henry the Navigator" (2020)[URL]
- Renganathan, Mala, "Understanding Maria Irene Fornes’ Theatre" (2010), Common Ground
- Symcox, Geoffrey, "Christopher Columbus and the Enterprise: A Brief History with Documents", pp.2005, Bedford
- Vickery, Paul S., "Bartolomé de las Casas: Great Prophet of the Americas" (2006), Paulist P
- Walker, Wesley, "Padua: Plays from the Padua Hills Playwrights Festival", pp.9~15 (2003), Padua Hills P
- Watts, Pauline Moffitt, "Prophecy and Discovery: On the Spiritual Origins of Christopher Columbus’s ‘Enterprise of the Indies’", American Historical Review, 90(1), pp.73~102 (1985)