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한미 및 한-EU FTA의 국내 기술이전 효과

Effects of Korea-USA and Korea-EU FTAs on Technology Transfer to Korea

정재휘|안세영|이철
한국국제경영학회 (Korean Academy of International Business)|2014.08|국제경영연구 (International Business Journal)|제25권 제3호|pp. 31-58|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.14365/ibj.2014.25.3.2

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한미 FTA한-EU FTAKorea-EU FTA암묵적 기술이전국제 기술이전명시적 기술이전Korea-USA FTAInternational Technology TransferExplicit TechnologyTacit Technology
주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 한미 및 한-EU FTA 체결에 따른 국내 기술이전의 효과를 기술이전의 경로별로 살펴보았다. 이를위해 국내 진출한 150개의 미국 및 EU 외투기업 자료를 활용하여 실증분석을 수행하였으며, 다음과 같은 분석결과가 도출되었다. 첫째, 한미 및 한-EU FTA 체결 이후 기술이전의 주요 경로인 해외직접투자, 라이센싱, 인적 네트워크, 공동 R&D 모두 증대될 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 미국 및 EU와의 FTA로 인해 증대된 해외직접투자는 암묵적 기술이전에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, FTA로 인해 증대된 라이센싱은 명시적 기술이전에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, FTA로 인해 증대된 인적 네트워크 및 전략적 제휴에 해당하는 공동 R&D는 암묵적 기술이전을 촉진하는 경로인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 학문적 기여는 FTA 체결에 따른 국내 기술이전 효과를 명시적 기술이전과 암묵적 기술이전으로 나누어서, 각 기술이전 경로별로 효과를 실증적으로 분석하였다는 점이다. 그리고 이러한 분석결과를 기반으로 하여 미국과 EU로부터의 효과적 기술이전을 위한 정책 방향을 제시하였다는 것이 본 연구의 정책적 시사점이다.

Abstract

This paper examines effects of Free Trade Agreements(FTAs) of Korea-USA andKorea-EU on technology transfer to Korea by each channel of international technologytransfer (foreign direct investment, licensing, human networks, and joint R&D). Wecollected data from one hundred-fifty Korean subsidiaries of USA and European firmsand used structural equation modeling as a statistical method to test hypotheses. The analysis results are as follow. First, FDIs to Korea increased by FTAs of Korea-USA and Korea-EU positively affect the transfer of tacit technology to Korea. Second,licensing to Korea increased by FTAs of Korea-USA and Korea-EU affect the transferof explicit technology transfer to Korea positively. Third, human networks betweenKorea and USA and between Korea and european countries increased by FTAs ofKorea-USA and Korea-EU affect the transfer of tacit technologies to Korea positively. Forth, R&D collaborations increased by FTAs of Korea-USA and Korea-EU positivelyinfluence the transfer of tacit technology to Korea. These findings suggest implicationsfor government policy to facilitate technology acquisition successfully from USA andEuropean firms through Korea-USA and Korea-EU FTAs.

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