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서비스 기업의 국제화와 기업성과에 대한 실증연구: 기술개발역량, 마케팅역량, 그리고 기업집단 네트워크의 효과 중심으로

Internationalization and Performance of Service Firms: The Impact of R&D, Marketing Capabilities, and Business Group Affiliation

정재호|김기현
한국국제경영학회 (Korean Academy of International Business)|2014.08|국제경영연구 (International Business Journal)|제25권 제3호|pp. 59-95|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.14365/ibj.2014.25.3.3

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참고문헌

키워드

국제화기업성과performanceinternationalization서비스업마케팅역량marketing capabilityR&D capability기술개발역량기업집단 네트워크service firmbusiness group affiliation
주제분류경영학

초록

지난 20년 동안 국제화와 기업성과 간의 관계연구는 국제경영과 기업전략분야에서 많이 이루어져왔다. 하지만대부분의 선행연구들은 선진국의 제조업에 종사하는 다국적기업들을 대상으로 이루어졌으며, 국제화와 기업성과간의 관계를 규명하는데 집중이 되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 서비스 산업을 주목하여 서비스 기업의 국제화와 기업성과 간의 관계를 규명하고 더 나아가 서비스 기업의 내부역량이 국제화가 낮은 단계에서 국제화 수준과 성과와의 부(-)의 관계를 어떻게 조절하는지에 대해 살펴보았다. 300개의 서비스 기업을 대상으로 2000년부터 2012년까지의 해외매출비중을 이용하여 기업의 국제화와 기업성과 간의 관계를 분석한 결과, 서비스 기업에서의 국제화와 기업성과 간의 관계는 ‘U’자 형태임을 확인되었다. 그리고 본 연구는 서비스 기업의 내부역량의 중요성을 살펴보기 위하여 기술개발역량과 마케팅역량 그리고 기업집단의 네트워크의 조절효과를 확인한 결과, 기술개발역량이 높은 기업 또는 기업집단 내 기업에서 국제화가 성과에 미치는 부정적인 영향이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 기업의 역량이 높을수록 국제화로 인해 발생하는 어려움을 극복하고 기업성과를 증가하는데 효과적일 수 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구는 선진국 내 서비스 기업들의 국제화와 기업성과 간 관계를 연구한 이론과 결과들을 토대로 국내 서비스 기업을 대상으로 한 실증분석을 통해 유사한 결과를 확인함으로써 이론의 타당성을 한 번 더확인하였다는데 의미가 있다. 더 나아가 기업의 기술개발역량과 기업집단 네트워크의 조절효과를 살펴봄으로써서비스 기업의 내부역량이 국제화와 기업성과 간에 미치는 영향에 대해 이론적, 실무적 시사점을 제공할 수 있을것으로 기대된다.

Abstract

While there exists voluminous previous literature on the relationship betweeninternationalization and firm performance, it has an exclusive focus on manufacturingsectors in developed countries. To fill this gap, this paper examines the relationshipbetween internationalization and firm performance by focusing on service industry inKorea. Using the data on 300 Korean service firms from 2000 to 2012, we find thatthere exists a U-shaped curvilinear relationship between internationalization andperformance. We also find that the R&D capability and business group affiliationattenuate negative effect of internationalization on performance at low level ofinternationalization while marketing capability does not have a significant impact onthe performance-internationalization relationship at the low level of internationalization.

참고문헌 (109)

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