뉴로피드백 훈련이 ADHD 아동의 부주의와 과잉행동/충동성에 미치는 효과
The Effects of Neurofeedback Training on Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity in Children with ADHD
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본 연구에서는 뉴로피드백 훈련이 ADHD 아동의 부주의와 과잉행동/충동성에 미치는 효과를 알아보았다. 전북대학교병원 외래환자이며 지능지수가 70점 이상인 32명의 아동이 본 연구에 참여하였다. 참여한 아동과 부모는 아동용-정동장애와 정신분열병 스케줄 면담을 받았으며, 아동의 부모가 한국어판 주의력 결핍 및 과잉행동 장애 평정척도를 작성하여 모든 아동이 절단점 이상을 받았다. 아동과 부모의 선택에 따라 뉴로피드백 집단에 12명, 뉴로피드백+약물치료 집단에 9명, 약물치료 집단에 11명이 배정되었다. 그 후 뉴로피드백 훈련이 포함된 집단은 총 20회기의 훈련 프로그램을 받았으며, 훈련 종료 후 사후 검사가 실시되었고 4주 후 추적 검사가 이루어졌다. 그 결과, 부주의 점수에서 세 집단의 점수 감소는 보였지만, 뉴로피드백 집단이 약물치료 집단보다 유의하게 더 감소되었다. 과잉행동/충동성 점수에서는 세 집단 간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않아 뉴로피드백 훈련도 약물치료 만큼 증상을 개선하는 경향이 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 뉴로피드백 훈련과 약물치료를 병행하는 것보다 뉴로피드백 훈련을 단독으로 실시하는 것이 증상 개선에서 더 긍정적인 경향이 있음을 확인하였다. 마지막으로, 본 연구의 의의와 제한점 및 추후 연구에 대한 제언을 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of Neurofeedback Training(NFT) on inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity in children with ADHD. Thirty two outpatient children with IQ scores over 70 who went to Chonbuk National University Hospital participated in this study. Before pre-test, children and their parents received a thorough explanation of the study and provided their consent form. Both children and their parents completed the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version-Korean Version (K-SADS-PL-K) and the Korean-ADHD Rating Scale- Parent(K-ARS-P). Children gained more than 16 points (boys) or 11 points(girls) as indicated by the Korean-ADHD Rating Scale-Parent. According to choice from children and their parents, children were divided into an NFT group (n=11), an NFT+medication group (n=9), and a medication group (n=9). All parents participants completed K-ARS at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at four4 weeks follow-up. The NFT was administered for 20 training sessions to children in the NFT and NFT+medication groups. The results of this study were as follows: Inattention score for all groups decreased; however, the inattention score for the NFT group significantly decreased more than that of the medication group. Hyperactivity/impulsivity scores among the groups was not significant. Based on the results, it was concluded that NFT had a tendency to reduce symptoms in a manner similar to medication. Further, NFT was more positive than NFT+medication with respect to symptom improvement. Finally, the implications and the limitations of this study, and suggestions for future study were also discussed.
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