韓醫學에 나타난 陰陽觀 - 四象醫學의 成立背景과 四象醫學에 나타난 陰陽觀 -
The Yin-Yang in Korean Traditional Medicine-Focusing on the establishment and the Yin-Yang of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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이상의 고찰을 통해 한국 한의학은 陰陽五行論을 중심으로 한 內經醫學과 四象을 중심으로 한 四象醫學으로 구분되는데, 두 의학에서 陰陽觀의 차이를 살펴 아래와 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 內經醫學이 道家와 黃老之學에 근거를 두고 自然의 秩序를 인간에게 적용한 自然중심의 陰陽五行的 循環原理를 인식의 바탕으로 삼고 있다면, 四象醫學은 儒學의 인간 중심의 倫理에 근거를 두고 性情의 四象類型인 喜怒哀樂 四氣의 升降을 통해 체계를 정립한 것이다. 2. 東武는 一元的 本體인 太極은 心, 二元的 本體인 兩儀는 心身, 四元的 本體인 四象은 事心身物이라는 각기 독립적인 本體論的 認識體系를 확립하였으며 四元的 本體인 事心身物을 哲學과 醫學의 근본으로 보아 모든 현상을 四象을 통해 인식하고자 하였다. 3. 東武는 事心身物의 四元構造, 天人性命의 複合四元構造, 時間을 포함한 六合四元構造를 통해 人體의 構造와 機能, 社會現象과 宇宙現象을 설명하고자 하였다. 4. 內經醫學은 七情을 五志로 인식하는데 반해 四象醫學은 七情을 喜怒哀樂의 性과 情과 氣로 구분하여 인식하였다. 喜怒哀樂의 性과 情은 內外表裏로 작용하고 喜怒哀樂의 氣는 上下升降으로 작용하며 相成, 相資의 특성과 順動ㆍ逆動의 특성을 지닌다. 5. 四象醫學에서는 疾病의 치료정신을 陰陽의 上下升降과 內外緩束의 균형에 두어 內經醫學의 補瀉法을 대체하였다. 6. 韓國韓醫學에 나타난 陰陽觀은 自然中心의 原理 위주의 陰陽觀에서 人間中心의 實證 위주의 陰陽觀으로 바뀌었음을 알 수 있고 이는 보다 합리적인 認識體系의 發展으로 볼 수 있다.
Abstract
Neiging Medicine(內經醫學) based on Yin-Yang and Five elements was the main stream of Korea Traditional Medicine until the end of 19th century. And the establishment of Sasang Constitutional medicine. In this paper, author proved that the Yin-Yang of Sasang Constitutional Medicine was different from that of Neiging Medicine and that explained the Yin-Yang of Sasang Constitutional Medicine as our own medicine. After considering the philosophical and medical background of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, and author researched the Yin-Yang of ontology, structure, function, symptoms in Sasang Constitutional Medicine. Also we compared this with that of Neiging medicine. The results were as follows 1. Neiging Medicine was based on the Yin-Yang and Five elements centering on the nature and Sasang joy, and pleasure centering on the human. 2. The ontology of Sasang Constitutional Medicine were the mind as a unitary substance, the mind and body as a dual substance, and affair, mind, body, and objects as a four substance which were the basic theory of philosophy. 3. Sasang Constitutional Medicine explained social phenomenon with a four substancial structure consisted of affairs, mind, body, and objects, a complex four substancial structure consisted of heaves, human, nature and order, and a three dimension structure including time. 4. On the other hand Neiging Medicine recognized seven emotions as five emotions, Sasang Constitutional Medicine recognized seven emotions as qi, nature, and emotions which consisted of sorrow, anger, joy, and pleasure. The qi had an effect on internal and external part of body and the nature and the emotion had an effect on the upward and downward of body. 5. It was taked great importance to control the up and down balance and the internal and external balance in Sasang Constitutional Medicine instead of reinforcing and reducting method of Neiging Medicine. 6. The Yin-Yang of Korean Traditional Medicine developed centering on the human from centering on the nature and Sasang Constitutional Medicine was a practical medicine compared with Neiging Medicine.