에스겔 16장의 폭력적 야웨 상과 상징의 재고
A Reconsideration of the Problematic Image of Yahweh and the Metaphor in Ezekiel 16
0
조회
0
다운로드
5
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 에스겔 16장에서 폭력적인 남편으로 그려진 야웨의 상을 문학적, 여성신학적 읽기로 재구성하고, 에스겔의 청중과 현 독자의 사회적 상황이 상징의 구성과 해석에 미치는 영향을 논의하고자 한다. 이 논의를 통해 야웨의 이미지, 혹은 야웨 캐릭터와 야웨를 동일시하는 것에 경고하려고 한다.
Abstract
Many recent readers have been troubled by the violence and lewdness of the language in Ezekiel 16. The husband Yahweh's horrific treatment of his wife Jerusalem is offensive to many. In this article I will closely read the text with the tools of feminist literary criticism to explore the problematic image of Yahweh. Then I will examine how the context of the prophet and his audiences/readers functions in the construction and interpretation of an image of Yahweh. My aim is to show the validity of the metaphoric language of the prophet. A close reading of the story in Ezekiel 16 reveals that the marital relationship between Yahweh and Jerusalem is similar to that of a domestic violence. The prophet Ezekiel utilizes the marriage metaphor to effectively indict Judah and deliver a shocking verdict of imminent disasters. To make the judgment proportionate to the sins of Judah the prophet portrays Jerusalem as a ungrateful lewd woman and Yahweh as a husband who harshly punishes his wife for her infidelity. I argue that the offensiveness of the narrative originates from the marriage metaphor itself. Since a metaphor operates in shared experiences, Ezekiel's marriage metaphor is necessarily derives from a patriarchal society which is of the prophet and his intended audiences. Some metaphors are timeless (e.g. "The Road Not Taken"), while some are not. Marriage metaphor in which men are privileged to control and even abuse women, has lost its validity among many readers. The kind of Yahweh's image molded by the figurative language as seen in Ezekiel 16 is culturally bound. Such an image is destined to be broken and remolded in order to carry the message into a changed context. Otherwise it becomes an (literary) idol.
참고문헌 (18)
- Amit, Yaira, "Reading Biblical Narratives" (2001), Fortress Press
- Bibb, Bryan, "There’s no sex in your violence: Patriarchal translation in Ezekiel 16 and 23", Review and Expositor, 111(4), pp.337~345 (2014)
- Chopp, Rebecca S., "Shifting Boundaries", pp.1991, Westminster
- Darr, Katheryn Pfisterer, "Ezekiel’s Justifications of God: Teaching Troubling Texts", Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, 55, pp.97~117 (1992)
- Darr, Katheryn Pfisterer, "The Women's Bible Commentary", pp.1992, Westminster
- Day, Linda, "Teaching the Prophetic Marriage Metaphor Texts", Teaching Theology and Religion, 2(3), pp.173~179 (1999)
- Day, Linda, "Rhetoric and Domestic Violence in Ezekiel 16", Biblical Interpretation, 8(3), pp.205~230 (2000)
- Day, Peggy L., "The Bitch had It Coming to Her: Rhetoric and Interpretation in Ezekiel 16", Biblical Interpretation, 8(3), pp.231~254 (2000)
- van Dijk-Fokkelien, Fokkelien, "The Metaphorization of Woman in the Prophetic Speech: An Analysis of Ezekiel XXIII", Vetus Testamentum XLIII, 2, pp.162~170 (1993)
- Exum, J. Cheryl, "Feminist Interpretation of the Bible", pp.72~107 (1985), Westminster John Knox Press
- Fewell, Danna Nolan, "Gender, Power, & Promise: The Subject of the Bible’s First Story" (1993), Abingdon Press
- Kalmanofsky, Amy, "The Dangerous Sisters of Jeremiah and Ezekiel", Journal of Biblical Literature, 130(2), pp.299~312 (2011)
- Lakoff, George, "More than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor" (1989), The University of Chicago Press
- Malul, Meir, "Adoption of Foundlings in the Bible and Mesopotamian Documents: A Study of Some Legal Metaphors in Ezekiel 16:1-7", Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, 46, pp.97~126 (1990)
- Mein, Andrew, "Ezekiel’s Awkward God: Atheism, Idolatry and the Via Negativa", Scottish Journal of Theology, 66(3), pp.261~277 (2013)
- Shields, Mary E., "Multiple Exposures: Body Rhetoric and Gender Characterization in Ezekiel 16", Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion, 14, pp.5~18 (1998)
- Sloane, Andrew, "Aberrant Textuality: The Case of Ezekiel The (Porno)Prophet", Tyndale Bulletin, 59(1), pp.53~76 (2008)
- Smith, Jonathan Z., "Narratives into Problems’: The College Introductory Course and the Study of Religion", Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 56(4), pp.727~739 (1988)