의회와 제비뽑기, 구약 공동체의 갈등 중재 기제
Council and Lot Casting the Peace-Making Institutions in the Old Testament.
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참고문헌
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초록
본 논문은 고대 이스라엘 사회에서, 공동체 안 이해관계가 충돌하여 갈등이 증폭되어 가는 것을 막기 위해 어떤 기제가 작동하였는지를 점검할 것이다. ‘어르신’(장로)들을 중심으로 한 ‘의회’의 면모를 도피성 제도를 통해 살피며, 의결방식 중 ‘제비뽑기’의 기능을 살펴본다. 그들의 기제는 장로로 대표되는 ‘어르신’과 제비뽑기의 근저인 ‘신’에게 그 권위를 두었다.
Abstract
The present study examines the social arbitrating mechanisms achieving the settlement of the conflicts in society to make peace; especially those attested in the literatures of ancient Israel and its neighbouring nations. Though primitive the societies were, they consciously struggled to preserve the human rights and justice in community. This spirit seemed to be advanced to institutionalise a kind of ‘democratic’ decision-making process in the ‘council’ (assembly). It was the elders who were responsible for the enactments in the council, both in the cities and the royal palace. In the former, they were conciliating conflicts, and, in the latter, advising for policy making. As for the former, the institution of the ‘city of refuge’ in the Old Testament is the best example to witness the conciliating mechanism. It was the authority of the elders in the council that actually made the process of conciliating be carried out. Usually discussion and counselling were initially made in a council by a number of members; and, afterward, the head of the council made an ultimate decision. Unlike today, decision by majority was not what commonly carried out to make a decision in the council. The reverence for the authority of the head of the council, therefore, was the key for conciliating the troubles in society. Furthermore, the divine authority was employed to sort out more complicated and hardly-soluble problems. The mechanism for it was ‘lot drawing’, of which institution was resorting to ‘chance’. In the primitive and ancient world, chance was not understood as accidental happening but as an intervention of the divine will. In conclusion, it was the authority of the elders, which is of tradition, and the divinity, which is of religion, that could possibly facilitate the arbitrating and conciliating process to settle conflicts in the ancient Israelite society.
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