기질 및 성격, 스트레스 대처방식과 우울증의 관계: 정신과 내원 우울장애 환자들을 대상으로
The Relationship among Temperament, Character, Coping Style, and Depression in Depressive Patients
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초록
본 연구에서는 기질 및 성격, 스트레스 대처방식이 우울증에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고, 기질이 우울증에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 매개변인으로서 성격과 스트레스 대처방식의 역할을 구조방정식 모형을 통하여 통합적으로 검증하였다. 이를 위하여 정신건강의학과에서 정신증적 증상이 나타나지 않은 주요 우울 장애, 기분부전장애, 달리 세분되지 않는 우울장애 등으로 확진을 받은 환자들을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였으며, 이 중 정신증적 장애와 정신지체, 치매 혹은 뇌손상이 있거나 의심되는 사례, 또한 불성실한 응답으로 자료의 손실이 있는 사례를 제외하여 총 137명(남자 76명, 여자 61명)의 자료를 분석하였다. 상관 및 회귀분석 결과, 우울증과 가장 관련이 높은 변인은 기질에서는 위험회피와 자극추구, 성격에서는 자율성이, 스트레스 대처방식에서는 문제해결 대처방식이 우울증과 유의미한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 구조방정식 모형 검증 결과, 기질이 우울증에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 성격과 스트레스 대처방식이 순차적으로 매개한다고 가정한 이중매개 모형이, 우울증에 대한 각 변인의 독립적인 경로만을 설정한 단순효과 모형과 기질이 우울증에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 성격과 스트레스 대처방식이 병렬적으로 매개한다고 가정한 병렬매개 모형 등의 대안적 모형에 비해 우수한 모형인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 높은 위험회피와 낮은 자극추구 성향과 자율성, 문제해결 대처방식의 낮은 사용이 우울증에 대한 취약 요인으로 확인되었으며, 기질이 우울증에 미치는 영향력은 자율성과 같은 성격 특성과 이와 밀접하게 관련된 문제해결 대처방식에 의해 매개될 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 시사점과 제한점에 대하여 논의하였다.
Abstract
The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of temperament, character, coping style, and the mediating effects of character and coping style on depression. Data were collected from psychiatric patients who were diagnosed as Major depressive disorder without psychotic features, Dysthymic disorder, and Depressive disorder, NOS. We excluded some cases for several reasons(patients who were also diagnosed as Psychosis, Mental retardation, Dementia and Other cognitive disorder caused by brain damage, and loss of data);, a total of 142 cases(male 76, female 66) were analyzed. The results indicated a significant association of harm avoidance and novelty seeking in temperament, self-directedness in character, and problem-solving in coping style with depression. Results of structural equation modeling showed that harm avoidance and novelty seeking were mediated by self-directedness and problem-solving on depression, in order, meanings that the effects of harm avoidance and novelty seeking were completely mediated through self-directedness, and the effects of self-directedness were mediated in part by problem-solving. The findings of this study suggest that high harm avoidance, low novelty seeking, self-directedness, and problem-solving are risk factors for depression, and the effects of temperament on depression may depend on the character, like self-directedness and the coping style associated with the character. Implications and limitations of this study were discussed along with suggestions for future research.
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