일-생활 균형이 병원 간호사의 이직의도에 미치는 영향: 직무만족도의 매개효과
The Effects of Work-Life Balance on the Turnover Intention of Hospital Nurses by Mediating Job Satisfaction
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간호사는 모든 보건의료시스템의 최전방위에 있는 가장 중요한 전문인력이며, 국민의 건강을 옹호하고 안전하고 효과적인 의료서비스를 제공하는 핵심인력이다. 전체 보건의료 인력 중 가장 높은 비중을 차지하고 있으며, 최근 보건의료 패러다임 변화와 함께 간호사는 환자에게 향상된 의료서비스 제공과 결과를 경험하게 하며 보건의료 비용 절감를 위한 역할수행자로서 인식되고 있다. 간호사가 이와 같은 역할을 충실히 수행할 수 있도록 하기 위해서는 보건의료조직 내 안정적인 인력운영이 뒷받침되어야 한다. 그러나 간호사의 평균 이직율은 13.9%, 신규 간호사의 경우에는 42.7%에 이르는 것으로 나타났으며, 다른 보건의료 직종과 비교해서도 간호사의 이직률은 상대적으로 높은 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 병원 간호사를 대상으로 일-생활 균형과 의직의도 사이의 관계를 파악하고 직무만족도를 매개하여 이직의도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 통해 병원 간호사의 이직의도에 미치는 영향요인을 진단하고 이직의도를 낮추기 위한 전략적 시사점 및 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 병원 간호사의 일-생활 균형, 직무만족도 및 이직의도에 대한 주요 이론적 배경과 선행연구를 고찰하였고, 각 요인 간의 영향관계를 실증 분석한 결과, 일-생활 균형 요인을 구성하는 하부 요인에 따라 직무만족도를 매개하여 이직의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the relationship between work-life balance and turnover intention, and the mediation effect of job satisfaction on the relationship in hospital nurses. This study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 237 registered nurses working at five general hospitals in Seoul were recruited from June to August in 2020. Participants were invited to complete self-reported questionnaires that measure work-life balance, job satisfaction, turnover intention and demographic characteristics. The data obtained were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression and a simple mediation model applying the PROCESS macro for SPSS with 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval (5,000 bootstrap resampling). After controlling demographic covariates, the results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed work-life balance and job satisfaction had significant influence on nurses’ turnover intention. It was also demonstrated that job satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between work-life balance and turnover intention in hospital nurses. Work-life balance directly influences turnover intention of hospital nurses and indirectly influences it through job satisfaction. Therefore, hospital administrators need to develop and provide programs to improve the work-life balance of hospital nurses.
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