발달장애 아동의 부모를 위한 행동주의적 부모교육의 효과성 연구: 이론교육과 실습교육의 비교
Effects of Behavioral Parent Training for Parents of Children with Developmental Disabilities: Comparison of Theory-based training and Practice-based training
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초록
본 연구에서는 발달장애 아동의 부모를 대상으로 문제행동 중재를 위한 행동주의적 부모교육 프로그램을 이론 교육 중심의 이론 집단과 실제적 연습 중심의 실습 집단으로 나누어 실시하였고, 그 효과성을 알아보았다. 대상자는 서울 시내 2개 종합병원에서 실시된 12주 부모교육에 참여한 아동과 부모 총 26쌍이었으며, 그 중 이론 집단 14쌍, 실습 집단은 12쌍이었다. 통제 집단은 부모교육 대기 집단에서 모집 하였으며 9쌍이었다. 측정 도구는 부모보고 설문지(아동 문제행동 심각도, 행동수정 지식검사, 부모 효능감 척도, 부모 양육 스트레스척도)와 직접 관찰을 통해 수집된 행동자료였다. 연구 결과, 부모교육 후 실습 집단에서 아동의 긍정적인 행동이 통제 집단에 비해 유의미한 증가를 보였으며, 이론 집단과 실습 집단에서 아동의 부정적인 행동이 통제 집단보다 유의미한 감소를 보였다. 그러나 부모가 보고한 아동 문제행동 심각도, 행동수정 지식과 부모 효능감, 부모 양육 스트레스에서는 이론과 실습집단에 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 또한, 직접 관찰을 통해 수집된 부모의 부정적인 행동, 긍정적인 행동의 변화도 유의하지 않았다. 위의 결과를 중심으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of two types of behavioral parent training programs for parents of children with developmental disabilities. Participants in this study were 44 mothers of children with developmental disabilities. Twenty six mothers were randomly assigned to one of two groups: theory-based training (14 mothers) and practice-based training (12 mothers). An additional nine mothers were assigned to the waitlist control group. Both treatments (theory-based training, practice-based training) consisted of 12 sessions (90~120 minutes per session). Mothers who participated in theory-based training learned basic behavior principles in depth. Mothers who participated in practice-based training learned basic behavior principles in a condensed, brief format, and were instructed to apply the skills to their children. Parent-report questionnaires were administered at the beginning and end of the training period. Direct observations of parent-child interactions were also collected. According to the results, in the practice-based training, positive child behaviors showed a significant increase compared to the control group. In both groups, negative child behaviors showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. No significant differences were observed based on the parent-report questionnaires and observed behaviors of parents. Implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
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