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사회불안장애의 인지행동집단치료에서의 급성호전 연구

Sudden Gains in Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy for Individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder

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초록

급성호전은 심리치료 과정에서 한 회기에서 다음 회기 사이에 갑작스럽게 큰 폭으로 증상이 감소하는 현상이다. 급성호전은 치료 후 시점에서의 더 큰 증상 감소와 관련이 있는 것으로 밝혀졌으며, 추수회기 시점에서의 더 큰 증상 감소와도 관련이 있는 것으로 보고된 바 있다. 이에 급성호전은 일시적인 현상이 아니라 치료 결과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 안정적인 요인임이 시사되었다. 급성호전은 인지행동치료에서의 증상 감소가 선행하는 인지적 변화에 의해 촉발된다는 인지수정가설의 기전을 설명하는 현상으로도 일컬어지고 있으나, 연구에 따라 기전과 치료 경과에 미치는 영향에 대해 일관되지 못한 결과가 얻어지고 있는 실정이다. 또한 다양한 정신장애와 치료법을 대상으로 서구권에서 활발한 급성호전 연구가 이루어지고 있는 것과는 달리, 아직까지 아시아권에서는 관련 연구가 부재한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 12주 간의 인지행동집단치료를 받은 사회불안장애 환자 32명을 대상으로 급성호전 현상을 탐색해 보았다. 먼저, 심리치료 과정에서의 급성호전의 빈도와 강도를 살펴보고 급성호전 집단의 특성을 확인하였으며, 급성호전 집단과 비급성호전 집단의 치료 전과 치료 후 시점 및 석 달 후 추수회기에서의 증상 변화를 비교하였다. 그 결과 급성호전 집단은 비급성호전 집단에 비해 사회적 상호작용 불안에서 치료 전후의 증상 변화가 더 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 수행 불안과 관련해서는 치료 후 시점과 추수회기 사이에서 더 큰 증상 호전을 보인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 인지적 변화가 급성호전의 발생에 선행하는지 인지적 왜곡과 관련한 척도들을 중심으로 살펴본 결과, 역기능적 신념 및 사회적 상황에 대한 파국적 예상의 감소가 사회불안 증상 감소에 선행하는 것으로 나타났다. 종합하자면, 본 연구에서의 탐색 결과 한국의 사회불안장애 집단에서도 급성호전이 서구권과 유사한 빈도와 강도로 발생하였다. 또한 급성호전 집단이 비급성호전 집단에 비해 유의하게 치료 이후 더 큰 폭으로 증상이 감소하며, 인지적 왜곡의 감소가 이후 급성호전에 선행한다는 점을 검증함으로써 급성호전이 치료경과에 중요한 영향을 미치는 현상임을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 사회적 상호작용 불안과 사회적 수행 불안에서 급성호전 발생 시점에 차이가 나타난 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 사회불안장애의 치료에서 사회불안의 양상에 따른 변별적 평가와 내담자 개개인에 적합한 개입을 제공하는 것이 치료적으로 도움이 될 것으로 제안하였다.

Abstract

Sudden gains (SG) are the phenomena of sudden symptom improvements from one session to the next (Tang & DeRubeis, 1999). SG are known to be related to greater symptom reductions at post-treatment and follow-up session. It is also suggested that SG represent abrupt but sustainable symptom improvements which affect treatment outcome. SG are referred to as phenomena that support the cognitive modification hypothesis; cognitive changes function as a precedent factor that leads to symptom reductions in Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT). However, there is lack of consensus on the mechanism underlying SG or its effect on prognosis. Furthermore, in contrast to the growing number of SG studies on various different psychopathologies and interventions within Western culture, SG studies have been relatively scarce in Asian culture. The aim of this study was to investigate SG in Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy (CBGT) for individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) in Korea. Data were collected from 32 individuals with SAD who visited the Social Anxiety Counseling Center at Korea University. According to the results, Korean SAD participants showed comparable frequency and magnitude of SG to those reported in previous studies with Western populations. Sudden gainers, compared to non-sudden gainers, showed greater reductions in symptoms associated with social interaction anxiety from pre- to post-assessment. They also demonstrated greater symptom abbreviations in performance anxiety from post- to follow-up assessment. Moreover, the decrease in social anxiety was preceded by reduction of dysfunctional belief and catastrophic anticipation on social interactions. This study was the first to explore SG in Asian culture. In results of this study, patterns of SG in the Korean SAD sample were similar to those reported in Western culture. In addition, sudden gainers showed significantly greater symptom reductions compared to non-sudden gainers. These results support the conceptual importance of SG as both a predictor of positive treatment outcome and evidence to support the cognitive modification hypothesis. In addition, we found temporal difference in the occurrence of SG in social interaction anxiety and performance anxiety, suggesting that individually tailored assessment and intervention based on varying subtypes of social anxiety symptoms may be helpful in promoting better treatment outcome.

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