분위수 회귀모형을 이용한 심리검사의 규준 추정
Estimating psychological test norms using quantile regression models
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초록
검사점수의 정규성이 가정될 수 없는 심리검사의 규준은 평균과 표준편차보다는 특정 분위수로 추정된다. 또한 검사점수의 규준은 검사가 측정하는 속성이 관련 변인과 일정한 함수적 관계를 갖는다고 가정될 수 있는 경우 통계적 모형을 이용하여 추정될 수 있다. 본 연구는 검사점수의 정규성이 가정되지 않지만 검사가 측정하는 속성이 관련 변인과 함수적 관계를 갖는다고 가정될 수 있는 경우, 분위수 회귀모형을 이용해 검사점수의 분위수 규준을 추정하는 절차를 소개하였다. 분위수 회귀모형에 대한 기본적 개념을 설명하고 이것이 검사 규준을 추정하는데 어떻게 적용될 수 있는지를 예시하였다. 정상 장/노년 1060명을 대상으로 실시된 12점 만점의 계산능력 검사 점수에 대해 연령과 교육 수준에 따라 구분된 하위 집단의 제5, 제10. 제25 백분위수를 분위수 회귀모형을 이용하여 추정하였다. 모형에 의해 추정된 분위수들은 각 하위 집단별로 계산된 표본 분위수와는 달리 연령과 교육수준에 따른 계산능력의 차이에 대한 이론적 모형과 부합하는 규준을 제공하였다.
Abstract
Norms of not normally distributed psychological tests could be better estimated by quantiles instead of means and standard deviations. Psychological test norms can also be estimated using statistical models when the measured attribute has a functional relation with related covariates. The current study introduced a normative-quantile-estimation procedure using the quantile regression model when a test score is not expected to have normal distribution but assumed to have a functional relation with related covariates. The idea of the quantile regression model was briefly explained and its application to estimation of a test norm was illustrated. The 5th, 10th, and 25th percentiles of the calculation ability test scores with range of 0-12 were regressed on age and education by the quantile regression model using a normative sample of 1060 normal elderly. The estimated quantiles provided a norm that supports a theoretical model of the relations between calculation ability and the covariates of age and education.
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