翁仲石: 돌하르방에 대한 고찰

Abstract

Dolharubang is widely used as a representative image of unique stone culture in Jeju Island. It had been recorded as a ‘Ongjungsuk(翁仲 石)' in ancient official document standing in front of the main gate of Sam Eup Sung(Three City of Jeju Province). ‘Ongjung' was the famous ancient military commander in Chin Dynasty(the first unified empire of China). And people had standed ’Ongjungsuk' in front of the royal palace commemorating his brave and royalty. Hereafter, ‘Ongjungsuk' had been denoted such a Dolharubang. There are many theories about the origin of Dolharubang such as introduction from northen district theory(from Mongol), southern district theory(from Bali, Indonesia), mainland theory(in Korean Peninsula), and so on. Despite Jeju Isalnd is located far from mainland, it has been significantly influenced by central government of Chosun Dynasty, and predominent culture, we must proceed the discussion of mainland theory(in Korean Peninsula) involving the relation of 'Jang Seung, Buck Soo(Korean milepost in human shape)' There are many artificial common feature in Dolharubang of Sam Eup Sung(Three City of Jeju Province) such as hats, abridgment of the lower half of body, hands, etc revealing unique feature in details. However the most important common features in Bungeogi, Junlip(soldier's headgear), Dongdary and Junbock(soldier's uniforms) are the mode of military uniforms, so we can authenticate that the main function and feature are Muinsang(shape of soldier) - chief soldier of gatekeeper troops. Every Dolharubang of Sam Eup Sung(Three City of Jeju Province) restorated to the original state and relocated except the Dolharubang of Jung Eu Sung. Fortunately we can find some important record and testimony witnessing Dolharubang's original location, but the finding original shape, state and location are outstanding challenge of our generation.