Institutional Status and Perspectives on Perfecting the Institutional Framework for Science and Technology Development in Vietnam in the New Context
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Currently, in the documents of the Communist Party of Vietnam, it has been affirmed that science and technology (S&T) is the core foundation serving the socio-economic development goals of Vietnam in the digital era. This is not only a field that enhances endogenous capacity and national competitiveness, but also a driving force for transforming the growth model based on knowledge and innovation. Vietnam is transitioning from a labor and resource-based economy to a knowledge- and innovation-based model, evidenced by institutional reforms in S&T, the development of a startup ecosystem, and investment in key technologies such as artificial intelligence and renewable energy. However, compared to South Korea, a nation that built a modern S&T institutional system, fostered innovation decades ago, and achieved comprehensive technological breakthroughs, Vietnam remains in a stage of “catching up” rather than “leading.” Furthermore, South Korea emphasizes developing synchronized policies, flexible financial mechanisms, and a dynamic academic environment, thereby creating a solid foundation for sustainable development. Therefore, learning from South Korea’s experience in policy and legal adjustments, the identification of guiding principles for perfecting the S&T institutional framework is a strategic requirement for Vietnam to ascend to the group of nations with modern S&T systems and maintain its position in the global value chain in the coming period.
Abstract
Currently, in the documents of the Communist Party of Vietnam, it has been affirmed that science and technology (S&T) is the core foundation serving the socio-economic development goals of Vietnam in the digital era. This is not only a field that enhances endogenous capacity and national competitiveness, but also a driving force for transforming the growth model based on knowledge and innovation. Vietnam is transitioning from a labor and resource-based economy to a knowledge- and innovation-based model, evidenced by institutional reforms in S&T, the development of a startup ecosystem, and investment in key technologies such as artificial intelligence and renewable energy. However, compared to South Korea, a nation that built a modern S&T institutional system, fostered innovation decades ago, and achieved comprehensive technological breakthroughs, Vietnam remains in a stage of “catching up” rather than “leading.” Furthermore, South Korea emphasizes developing synchronized policies, flexible financial mechanisms, and a dynamic academic environment, thereby creating a solid foundation for sustainable development. Therefore, learning from South Korea’s experience in policy and legal adjustments, the identification of guiding principles for perfecting the S&T institutional framework is a strategic requirement for Vietnam to ascend to the group of nations with modern S&T systems and maintain its position in the global value chain in the coming period.