종묘제례악 악장에서 음절 ‘애’가 선택된 이유에 대한 고찰

Abstract

The akjang, songs that praise for the merits of the previous kings, is the most important element in jongmyo jeryeak (court music for royal ancestral rites), which has been designated as a national intangible cultural heritage. However, in the current akjang of jongmyo jeryeak , the syllable ‘ae’ is added in addition to the lyrics. This paper examines why only one vowel syllable, "ae ", was selected and added to the akjang of jongmyo jeryeak . If a syllable to be added other than the lyrics was needed in the akjang of jongmyo jeryeak , a method that would not interfere with the delivery of the lyrics would have been chosen. Since consonants can have meaning in words and humming and diphthongs have difficulties in articulation, it seemed that it is appropriate to add the syllable 'e', one of the two short vowels not used in the lyrics of the akjang. This study was conducted based on the hypothesis that the syllable 'ae', which sounds very similar to the syllable 'e' , may have been notated due to the confusion of the two syllables, based on the facts that the syllable 'e' and the syllable 'ae' are integrated in terms of pronunciation in modern Korean, that the syllable 'e' is transcribed as the syllable ‘he’ , and that the syllable 'e' is frequently occurred iptaryeong (meaningless vocable imitating vocal or instrument’s melody) of traditional music. First, this study suggests that the usages that the yin syllable 'e' is used in "Jeongdaeeop " that represents ‘yin’ of mumu (court dance symbolizing knightliness) and the yang syllable ‘e’ is used in "Botaepyeong " that represents ‘yang’ of mundeok (civilian moral influence) are suitable for the meaning of jongmyo jeryeak , based on the creation principle of hangeul (Korean letters) and the yin-yang theory inherent in "Botaepyeong " and "Jeongdaeeop" of jongmyo jeryeak . However, there is a lack that it was not able to present suitable syllables for jinchan’gye music (music involving food offered at royal ancestral rites). The syllable 'e' is the most difficult to pronounce among the five vowels of 'a, e, i, o, u,’ but it has the advantage of being particularly effective when making a transition to a high note; the melody that makes a transition to high notes was not used much in the akjang of jongmyo jeryeak . It was confirmed that the opening degree and resonance increase in the order of 'e' [e] < 'e' [ɛ] < 'ae' [æ]. The syllable 'e' [ɛ], which is larger in terms of opening degree and resonance, was suitable for the jongmyo jeryeak range, and when checked by X-rays, it was found that the position of the tongue during articulation was relatively in the center of the mouth, which could serve as an advantage in terms of good connection with other syllables. The syllable 'ae' was the one with the greatest resonance, which refers to the amount of energy that reaches the listener's ear, and is more suitable for singing than the syllable 'e' . As a result, it can be easily connected with other vowels, and it is also very good for obtaining head resonance. The syllable 'ae', used as lyrics in the actual akjang , was pronounced by dividing it into 'a + eu + i' to be distinguished from the syllable 'ae' added to the lyrics. The fact that the two syllables were articulated separately at the beginning of the 20th century, even though they were integrated in modern Korean, indicates that the syllable 'ae' added to the lyrics in addition to the lyrics in the current akjang of jongmyo jeryeak was not a simple mistake but a rational choice when the music score for the akjang of jongmyo jeryeak was notated.