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남성 공군 조종사의 인적요인 관련 비행사고 노출이 외상후 스트레스 장애 증상에 미치는 영향: 인지적 유연성의 조절효과

Exposure to Human Error-Related Aircraft Accident in Male Air Force Pilots: Its Effect on PTSD Symptoms and the Moderation Effect of Cognitive Flexibility

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초록

외상후 스트레스 장애는 임상적 수준의 유의미한 고통뿐 아니라, 사회적·직업적 기능 수행 및 적응에 있어서도 장기간에 걸쳐 어려움을 나타내는 것으로 알려져 있다. 외상경험에 대한 심리적 반응들은 외상사건의 종류 또는 피해를 경험한 개인들의 특성에 따라 다양하게 나타날 수 있기 때문에 외상사건에 노출된 개인의 특성과 외상경험 자체의 특수성을 고려한 보호요인을 찾는 것이 중요하다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 공군 전투기 조종사의 비행사고 관련 외상사건 노출이 외상후 스트레스 장애 증상에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 조종사들의 주된 특성이라 할 수 있는 인지적 유연성의 조절효과를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 남성 공군 전투기 조종사 64명을 대상으로 설문조사가 실시되었다. 연구결과, 인적요인 관련 비행사고에 노출된 조종사 집단에서 그러한 경험이 없는 집단에 비해 외상후 스트레스 증상이 높게 나타나는 경향이있었다. 또한 인적요소에 의한 비행사고 노출과 외상후 스트레스 증상 간의 관계에서 인지적 유연성이 조절효과를 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 조종사의 비행임무 수행 중 외상사건 노출이 외상후 스트레스 증상과 유의미하게 연관될 수 있으며 높은 수준의 인지적 유연성은 외상경험이 외상후 스트레스 증상으로 이어지는 것에 대한 보호요인으로 작용할 수 있음을 의미한다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 의의및 후속연구의 필요성에 대하여 논의하였다.

Abstract

Posttraumatic stress disorder is characterized by not only significant psychological distress but also long-term difficulties in social and occupational functioning and adjustment. Psychological response to exposure to trauma can vary depending on the type of traumatic incident or factors related to the individual exposed to trauma. As such, it is important to investigate the potential protective factors that consider individual characteristics and the particular nature of the trauma. The present study thus examined the effect of exposure to human error-related aircraft accident in air force pilots on posttraumatic stress symptoms. Secondly, the moderation effect of cognitive flexibility was tested. A total of 64 male air force pilots participated in the study. The results indicated that air force pilots exposed to human error-related aircraft accident evidenced more posttraumatic stress symptoms than pilots with no prior exposure to human error-related aircraft accident. Furthermore, cognitive flexibility moderated the relationship between flight-related trauma secondary to human error and posttraumatic stress symptoms. The findings indicate that exposure to traumatic events during flight missions may be significantly associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms and that high degree of cognitive flexibility may serve as a protective factor. The implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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