하도급 거래와 공급기업의 혁신:중소기업, 혁신 보호, 혁신 기회의 효과
Subcontracting and Innovation of Supplier Firms: Effects of Firm Size Group, Innovation Appropriability, and Technological Opportunity
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초록
본 연구는 제조업 부문 기업혁신조사를 이용하여 하도급 거래가 공급 기업의 기술혁신의 투자와 성과에 미치는 효과를 분석한다. 특히 본 연구는 하도급 거래가 기업의 혁신에 미치는 효과가 기업 규모의 법정 유형(중소기업 여부), 혁신 보호 수준, 기업 외부로부터의 혁신 기회에 따라서 달라지는지 연구하였다. 실증분석 결과에 따르면 전반적으로 하도급 거래를 하는 기업은 일반적인 기업 간 거래를 하는 기업에 비해서 연구개발집약도와 제품혁신 및 공정혁신 가능성이 상대적으로 낮았다. 하도급 거래가 기업 혁신의 투자와 성과에 미치는 부정적 영향은 중견기업이나 대기업(계열사)보다 중소기업에서 더 크게 나타났다. 그리고 일반 거래를 하는 기업에 비해 하도급 기업에서 혁신 보호가 연구개발집약도와 제품혁신에 미치는 긍정적 효과가 감소하였고 공정혁신에 미치는 긍정적 효과가 증가하였다. 실증분석 결과에 따르면 혁신 기회는 하도급 거래가 연구개발집약도와 제품혁신에 미치는 부정적 효과를 완화하였다.
Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of subcontracting on innovation investment and performance of supplier firms by analyzing the data of Korean Innovation Survey in the manufacturing sector. In particular, this study examines how the effect of subcontracting on the innovation differs depending upon the legal status of firm size group (i.e., small and medium-sized enterprise) and levels of innovation protection (i.e., appropriability) and technological opportunity for innovation. Empirical results show that subcontractors tend to have lower levels of R&D intensity and lower probabilities of product and process innovation than non-subcontractors. The negative effect of subcontracting on R&D intensity and product innovation is greater for small and medium-sized firms than for large or medium-sized firms, including their affiliated firms. In addition, this study finds that the positive effect of innovation protection on R&D intensity and product innovation is smaller for subcontractors than for non-subcontractors, while the positive effect of innovation protection on process innovation is relatively greater for subcontractors. The study also shows that innovation opportunity mitigates the negative effect of subcontracting on R&D intensity and product innovation.
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