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동아시아 국가의 신산업 창출 경로 분석: 지식기반 스마트 특성화 이론을 중심으로

Paths of creating new industries in East Asia: Focusing on the knowledge-based smart specialization

강태원|엄원섭
한국혁신학회|2022.02|한국혁신학회지 (Innovation studies)|제17권 제1호|pp. 123-152

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참고문헌

키워드

동아시아East Asia경로의존성공진화Co-evolution신산업New industry스마트 특성화Path-dependenceSmart specialization

초록

본 연구는 스마트 특성화 이론에 지식 관점을 더한 지식기반 신산업 스마트 특성화 프레임워크를 제시하여, 한국, 일본 및 중국의 신산업 창출 가능성과 해당 산업에서의 기술우위를 파악한다. 이를 위해, 1980-2016년 동안 동아시아 3개국의 산업별 수출 데이터와 USPTO 특허 자료를 활용한다. 주요 분석결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 그 동안 동아시아 국가의 신산업 결정은 기존 산업과 연관성이 높은 분야로 진출하는 경로의존성이 나타난다. 둘째, 과거 각 국가의 신산업 진출이 가능한 선택지는 상이하였으며, 이는 시간에 따라 변화해왔다. 마지막으로, 각 국가에서 향후 진출이 예상되는 신산업 분야는 차이가 있지만, 다른 동아시아 국가들이 기존에 우위를 점하고 있는 분야로의 진출이 많아 경쟁이 더욱 심화 될 것으로 파악된다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 성공적 인 신산업을 육성하기 위해서 현재 국가의 산업구조뿐만 아니라 지식구조를 바탕으로 경쟁력을 가질 신산업 분야를 선제적으로 예측하고, 전략적 접근이 필요함을 시사한다.

Abstract

This study suggests a knowledge-based smart specialization framework that adds a knowledge perspective to the current smart specialization theory to understand the technological advantage and the possibility of creating new industries in Korea, Japan, and China. To this end, this study uses export data and USPTO patent data of East Asian countries from 1980 to 2016. The main results are as follows. First, the process of new industry development in East Asian countries showed path dependence. Second, each country's new industry options showed different patterns, and they changed over time periods. Finally, although countries have different options of new industries, it is expected that they are likely to advance to areas where other East Asian countries already have competitive advantage. The results of this study suggest that in order to successfully foster new industries, countries need to start by understanding not only the current industrial structure of the country, but also the possibility of creating added value based on technological superiority.

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