1900~1945년 중국 동북지역 조선인 여성들의 항일운동

Abstract

This article focuses on Korean women living in Northeast China from 1900 to 1945, reviewing the history of Korean immigration to Northeast China and the subsequent formation of Korean society. This article also expounds Korean women's living conditions in Northeast China in terms of their religion, education, anticolonial campaign against Japan, and agricultural production. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Korean immigrants crossed the border between China and Korea for the purposes of collecting ginseng and hunting. After a wave of Korean immigration in the mid-19th century, the term ‘Choseonjok’ (ethnic Korean) emerged in China in September 1952 to build the Yanbian area. In the early 20th century, during the New Cultural Enlightenment Movement centered on private schools in Yanbian, Korean women gradually awakened and organized a variety of women's movements. The most prominent issues were women's liberation, equality between men and women, equal education between men and women, etc. They wanted to liberate women from the fetters of feudalism and clan rights, patriarchy and husband's rights, leading them to the anti-Japanese struggle. The New Cultural Enlightenment Movement centered on school education in the 1910-20s, combining new learning instead of theology, education and anti-Japanese struggle. Extracurricular education increased through the schools, deeply taking root among the people and playing a similar role in women's enlightenment. Through the New Cultural Enlightenment Movement, Korean women in Yanbian further enhanced their ideological awareness, overthrowing the feudal patriarchal clan system and beginning to form political consciousness. The anti-Japanese women's independence movement began by 1905, and by the 1920s, the anti-Japanese women's armed struggle was dominated by a minority of women from the nationalist camp. But in the 1930s, Korean women in northeastern China began to join the Communist Party of China to fight fiercely against Japan through the unified organization of the Party. In order to maintain their livelihoods, Korean women also actively participated in agricultural production and other related work. After thousands of years on the lowest rung of society under the yoke of feudalism, Korean women appeared on the historical stage of Northeast China as a new group, leaving their mark as important actors in history.