일제강점기 행정구역 확장의 식민성과 지역민의 동향 - 釜山府 府域 1, 2次 擴張을 中心으로 -

Abstract

Busan underwent the forced colonization process of space based on division after opening its ports. The forced merger, however, led to the internal colonization process of the city(Busan-pu) encompassing a rural area (Dongnae-gun). The process was an expansion of municipal area based on urban planning. Implemented on the request of Japanese people in Busan-pu, the urban plan was based on the so-called “Urban Plan of Busan,” which covered the planned districts including an expansion to Seo-myeon(12 ris), Dongnae-gun, the designation of residential, commercial and industrial areas within each district, and the infrastructure of transportation, ports, and hygiene facilities(waterworks and sewers). Its progress, however, did not happen due to the lack of concerned legislation. Its completion came later after the Ordinance on the Street Planning of Korea was proclaimed and the “decisions on the street planning of Busan” including the first expansion of municipal area were made. Accepting the previous urban planning, the street plan of Busan consisted only of planned districts within the further expanded municipal area, road networks across old and new towns, and land adjustment. While focusing on the first expanded districts of municipal area unlike its predecessors, the new street plan followed them, as well, by expanding the space for industrialization including the plants owned by Japanese people in Busan-pu and driving Korean people out of the mountainous zones where their population was disorderly and dense and out of the agricultural zones in Seo-myeon in Busan. Its actual business was, however, restricted to the industrial zones as the logistics base for the Japanese empire to invade the continent. Japanese people living in Busan-pu once again insisted on the expansion of industrial zones to Dongnae and Haeundae, gathering together around Pu-Council and Chamber of Commerce and Industry. As a result, the secondary expansion of municipal area took place including almost all of Dongnae-gun including Dongnae-eup on October 1, 1942. Local residents showed the following responses to those expansions of municipal area: the Japanese community in Busan-pu, who regarded the division of Busan-pu and Dongnae-gun after the introduction of Pu system in 1914 as the reduction of urban space and deterrence of urban development, proposed the expansion of municipal area to Dongnae-gun as an ideal direction of urbanization and demanded that the expansion of municipal area should continue along with the making of urban plans. They thus contributed to the inclusion of Seo-myeon and Songdo in Dongnae-gun in Busan-pu after the first expansion of municipal area and that of most of Dongnae-gun including Dongnae-eup and Haeundae after the second expansion. The residents of Seo-myeon, which was to be included in Busan-pu after the first expansion of municipal area, were mostly Korean people that did farming and objected to the inclusion, being afraid of disadvantages of its inclusion in Busan-pu and arguing for the postponement of its inclusion. Furthermore, they set up a Seo-myeon cooperative and made their own independent development policies and urban plans. The residents of Dongnae-up, which was to be included in Busan-pu after the second expansion of municipal area, were mostly Korean people and reacted to the expansion with their own urbanization. Their efforts seemed to be completed through the expansion of urban infrastructure including the street improvement of towns and the eupyeonghwa of Dongnae Spa. They, however, failed to control the spa resort and endure the rough wave of municipal area expansion. As a result, they were compelled to be included in Busan-pu, making a couple of wishes and hoping that the name "Dongnae" with its history would last.