희귀 및 멸종위기식물 대흥란 자생지의 생태적 특성 - 거제시(도) 노자산을 중심으로 -

Abstract

The ecological characteristics of Cymbidium macrorrhizum habitats in Nozasan (Mt.) of Geoje-city were investigated to provide basic data for conservation and restoration. Field investigations including site characteristics, soil environment, and vegetation structure were conducted in 24 sites from Jun. to Aug. 2020. The altitude of C. macrorrhizum habitats ranged from 84 m to 137 m with slopes of 2∼12o. The rock exposure rate was on average 16.2%, and it was found to be in the range of 9% to 22% for each site. Effective soil depth and litter depth were on average 19.3 cm and 10.9 cm, respectively. Rock exposure rate, effective soil depth, and litter depth were relatively high in sites 1 and 6, where the number of C. macrorrhizum was large. In soil environments, it was found out that average soil moisture content was 25.9% (24.2 to 27.9%); 5.76 (5.52 to 5.99) for soil pH; 6.86% (5.25 to 8.48%) for soil organic matter; 0.34% (0.28 to 0.42%) for total N content; 5.52 ppm (3.0 to 10.8 ppm) for available phosphorous, and 16.9 cmol+/kg (15.2to18.9cmol+/kg) for CEC. Exchangeable cations were decreased in order of Mg2+>K+>Ca2+>Na+, which was different from general results decreasing in order of Ca2+>Mg2+>K+>Na+ in forest soils. The dominant species of site 1 were Pinus thunbergii at the tree layer, Styrax japonica, Eurya japonica and Sorbus alnifolia at the subtree layer, Viburnum erosum at the shrub layer, and Oplismenus undulatifolius at the herb layer. Site 2 were dominated by P. thunbergii at the tree layer, E. japonica at the subtree and shrub layer, and O. undulatifolius at the herb layer. Site 3 was dominated by P. thunbergii at the tree layer, S. japonica at the sub-tree layer, Callicarpa japonica at the shrub layer, and O. undulatifolius at the herb layer. Sites 4, 5 and 6 were dominated by P. thunbergii at the tree layer, S. japonicus and L. erythrocarpa at the sub-tree layer, with Callicarpa japonica, Lindera erythrocarpa and Zanthoxylum piperitum at the shrub layer, and O. undulatifolius at the herb layer, respectively. Species diversity index ranged 0.520 (site 5)∼0.980(site 1) at the tree layer, 0.718 (site 3)∼1.133 (site 6) at the sub-tree layer and 0.919 (site 5)∼1.201 (site 6) at the shrub layer. Evenness and dominance were on average 0.730 and 0.270 at the tree layer, 0.722 and 0.278 at the sub-tree layer, and 0.847 and 0.153 at the shrub layer, which illustrated that there was no significant difference among study sites. In Pearson product-moment correlation, C. macrorrhizum had positive association with Carex polyschoena, Chloranthus fortunei and Paederia scandens but negative association with Discorea batatas. C.macrorrhizum had negative association with Dryopteris bissetiana, Viola collina, Carex lanceolata, and Syneilesis palmata in the Spearman Rank Correlation. It is expected that this study, which identified the ecological characteristics of C. macrorrhizum habitats, can be used as basic information for the conservation and restoration of C. macrorrhizum.