‘국어’ 교과서의 탄생과 근대 민족주의 ― 「국민소학독본」(1895)을 중심으로

Abstract

This article is a study of the birth and develop process of the 'Korean language' textbook. This article studies how the our 'Korean language' textbook was born and internally stabilized mainly through the 『Gukminsohakdokbon』(1895), which is regarded to be the first Korean language textbook. Although the 『Gukminsohakdokbon』 is a copycat version of Japanese textbook 『Godeungsohakdokbon』, it self consistently maintains the view of nationalism. It clearly indicates that the nationalism view and aims creates the fundamental of selecting and eliminating the units to build the new type of text called 『Gukminsohakdokbon』. Although the first unit 「The great nation of Chosun」 is almost regarded to be the copycat of Japanese 「吾國」(Our country), this unit shows the identity of Chosun, which is differentiated to the Japan, by setting the main subject as 'Chosun', and expresses the pride and disillusion by including the Korean history and such masterminds as King Sejong and Euljimunduk instead of Japanese people and history. This indicates that the Japanese textbook was reallocated by selecting the units in accordance to the nationalism view. Through this reallocation, the 『Gukminsohakdokbon』 was aiming for consolidating of Korean people as well as providing the identical ideology and values to the people of Chosun. Whereas, the 『Gukminsohakdokbon』 may yet to be considered as a perfect form of a textbook as the textbook is a medium of mutual communication and communion between people who are teaching and learning. The consideration for student can hardly be found from 『Gukminsohakdokbon』, whereas only the ideology and aim of writer are reflected. Then, important implication of 『Gukminsohakdokbon』 can be found from the point as it is a cultural and historical records that shows the sight of knowledgeable class of modern transition period when there were severe conflicts surrounded by the superpower nations of western and Japan as well as it is a solidification and fruits of nationalism with the preliminary shape of creating the full shaped textbook from the Chosun period to the modern society.