귀순과 심리전, 1960년대 국가심리전 체계와 귀순의 냉전 정치성

Abstract

This paper comprehensively examines the establishment of a system of Korea's independent national psychological warfare in the 1960s and the development of internal and external psychological warfare utilizing the defectors. First, it is a review of the psychological values of defection and the existentialism of the defectives in the Cold War regime. In the Cold War psychological warfare, defection is of special significance. This is because the return to the free movement itself is a sign of victory over the Cold War and a rebuttal to the superiority of the regime. Returning to the South is characterized by the fact that identity is unique to the rules of the Cold War, and that politics is linked to the psychological warfare project of the Park Chung-hee regime, moving forward to the Korean Peninsula and across the Cold War East Asia. The psychological warfare against Japan was focused on ideological warfare targeting General Association of Korean Residents in Japan with the aim of blocking espionage against the South and crushing the repatriation project, and sent a forward-looking spy to Taiwan to strengthen anti-communist ties between South Korea and Taiwan, as well as to ensure the legitimacy of the two governments. In the Vietnam War, psychological warfare between the two Koreas was also fierce. It was an extension of the psychological warfare on the Korean Peninsula, and a circuit was established to use it as an internal psychological warfare. Second, the reorganization of the anti-communist system after the 5.16 coup is the reorganization of the whole psychological system, which is unified into the institutional context and the Ministry of Information and Communication, which is converted into the establishment of the national psychological warfare. The military government systematically implemented the national psychological warfare system by establishing prompt public relations policies, drawing up goals and guidelines for internal and external psychological warfare, readjusting the ideological laws, creating and reorganizing psychological warfare organizations, and taking control of the media. Based on this, the anti-aircraft psychological warfare was organically conducted through defeat communism Propaganda, which mobilized the returnees of the Institute for Internal and External Affairs, radio psychological warfare based on the international broadcasting station, and anti-aircraft psychological warfare through movies and newspapers. Third, it is a review of the ecology of the defectors who were key players and agents in psychological warfare. It demonstrated who the defectors were, what they did, and what psychological warfare activities they carried out, including the Southern spy who defected to the South in various ingredients, types and routes. It also looked into how the neutral POWs and anti-communist prisoners were connected to the psychological warfare of the time. The anti-communist psychological warfare of the defectors, centered on forward-looking spies, worked as a mechanism to justify the anti-communist development mobilization of Korean society as well as counter-propaganda campaigns against North Korea. The study of psychological warfare is an essential subject in explaining the long-term sustainability of the Cold War system. It is time for a study that encompasses inter-Korean psychological warfare in terms of East Asia's cold-cell suspension.