영국 에드워드기의 급진 우파 ―보수당의 분열과 우파의 급진화―

Abstract

A group of the conservatives that appeared in the Edwardian age ignored the parliament in contrast to the traditional conservatives. They were very uncompromising in the problem of the Irish crisis, even risking the civil war. They tried to revive the authority of the House of Lords. They were called “radical right.” But the word ‘radical’ causes a little confusion. The Conservatives in the Edwardian age were divided into several different lesser groups. There were a leading group of Balfour and social imperialists and radical rights and liberal individualists. The leading group of Balfour was attacked by other factions with different opinions. These forces could be divided on the line of individualism and collectivism and also on another line of conservatism and liberalism. The Social imperialists and the radical right showed that collectivism can be a feature of the conservatives by revealing some factors of collectivism. But this collectivism was different from the kind of socialist collectivism. And the collectivism of the radical right was also different from the collectivism of the social imperialists in that the radical right were based on the land and estate. And while the former emphasized the paternalism, the latter stressed the modernity. Thus, although the two groups could be all related to fascism, the former is related to the fascism of Lintorn Orman as the latter is related to the fascism of Mosley. If the radical right deviated from the traditional path of the conservatives in political methods and ways, they did not get away from the principle of toryism. We should not miss the point that they reacted with the very collectivist arguments against the collectivist suggestion of the Liberals. Also we should not forget that the collectivism of the radical right was based not on the egalitarianism but on the hierarchy.