영제국 식민지 초기 오스트레일리아 원주민과 영국인 정착민 - 바바라 다우슨의 『구경꾼의 눈으로』를 중심으로 -
The Aboriginal Australians and the British Settlers in the Early British Colonial Empire - With Special Reference to Barbara C. Dawson’s In the Eye of the Beholder -
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영제국 오스트레일리아와 원주민에 관한 연구는 국내 다른 분야 연구보다 관심의 정도가 크지 않다. 하지만, 오스트레일리아에서 원주민 관련 문제는 최근까지도 매스컴의 주목을 받는 사건들이 출현하고 있는 진행형 이슈이다. 본 논문은 이 같은 문제를 제국 식민지 초기 영국인 정착민과 원주민과의 관계를 통해 고찰한다. 특히, 최근 출판된 바바라 다우슨(Barbara Dawson)의 『구경꾼의 눈으로』(2014)를 주목하면서, 정착 초기 여성들의 눈에 비친 원주민과 기존의 원주민 서술에서의 이들에 대한 인식을 검토한다. 이를 통해 영국인 개척자들과 원주민에 관한 이야기가 남성 정복자적 관점의 방향으로 고착되어 왔음을 드러낸다. 신화화된 원주민 이야기와 폭력에 대한 기억이 ‘상호 협력과 공존 및 갈등’이라는 영국인 정착 초기의 긍정적 관계성을 왜곡했다는 것이다. 따라서 이 글은 대륙의 상이한 지역적 특색 및 다양한 원주민들과 정착민과의 관계라는 보다 넓은 시각의 형성을 유도하고, ‘폭력에 따른 정복’으로만 이해하는 상투적 역사이해와 일반화의 탈피를 제시한다. 그럼으로써 누구도 배제되지 않은 역사의 동참자로서 오스트레일리아 건설을 만들어 온 ‘오스트레일리아인’의 ‘협력과 평화로운 공존’이라는 발전적 모색을 피력한다.
Abstract
There has not been much study done in South Korea in reference to the relationship between British colonial Australia and the Aboriginal people. In Australia however, the Aboriginal problem is a current issue that often draws media attention. This paper deals with the Aboriginal problem by visiting the relationship between the British settlers and the indigenous people during the early stages of colonization of Australia. In specific, this paper focuses on Barbara Dawson’s In the Eye of the Beholder; What 6 Nineteenth Century Women Tells Us about Indigenous Authority and Identity published in 2014. The book reconstructs the perception of the indigenous people using records of British women at the early stage of the settlement, coupled with existing historical description. The book reveals that the story on the British frontiers and the Aboriginal people was told in a biased way, from the male conqueror’s viewpoint only. This half truth filled with mystified story and violence distorted the positive relationship seeking ‘mutual cooperation and coexistence with inner conflict’ created in the early stages of the British settlement. Thus this paper attempts to form a much broader perspective to show various relationships among settlers and the Aboriginal people with different geographical characteristics. It also tries to break from the understanding of stereotyped history and from the generalizations of the British Colonial Australian history. This paper thereby suggests a constructive compromise to build the combined efforts and peaceful co-existence as ‘the Australian,’ not excluding anyone who participated in making the history of Australia.
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